# Publications

#### 2021

Marcos Amaris, Mayuri Morais, and Raphael Camargo. Efficient Prediction of Region-wide Traffic States in Public Bus Networks using LSTMs. 24th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation (ITSC), 2021.

#### Abstract

Public bus systems are impacted by many factors, such as varying traffic conditions, passenger demand, and weather changes. One can combine all those factors that affect bus travel times into a single factor called link state, where a link represents part of a bus route. Several works exist that predict single link states using different statistical and machine learning approaches. More recently, deep learning techniques, such as LSTMs, started to be used to predict the state of entire bus routes. The main problem with this approach is that it uses extensive computational resources. In this work, we evaluate the use of LSTMs to predict the state of entire city regions instead of single routes. It has two advantages: (i) the state of each link is evaluated only once for all the bus routes that cross it, and (ii) information from buses from all routes can be used to determine future link states. Using a shallow bidirectional LSTM architecture produced accurate state predictions with an average MAPE of 12.5. Moreover, we show that it can be trained daily and used to predict link states in real-time for a large metropolis, like São Paulo.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{amaris:itsc2021,
title={Efficient Prediction of Region-wide Traffic States in Public Bus Networks using {LSTMs}},
author={Amaris, Marcos and Morais, Mayuri and Camargo, Raphael},
booktitle={24th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation -- ITSC2021},
year={2021},
organization={IEEE},
location = {online},
}

Tallys G. Martins, Nelson Lago, Eduardo F. Z. Santana, Alexandru Telea, Fabio Kon, and Higor A. de Souza. Using bundling to visualize multivariate urban mobility structure patterns in the São Paulo Metropolitan Area. Journal of Internet Services and Applications, vol 12, 2021.

#### Abstract

Internet-based technologies such as IoT, GPS-based systems, and cellular networks enable the collection of geolocated mobility data of millions of people in large metropolitan areas. In addition, large, public datasets are made available on the Internet by open government programs, providing ways for citizens, NGOs, scientists, and public managers to perform a multitude of data analysis with the goal of better understanding the city dynamics to provide means for evidence-based public policymaking. However, it is challenging to visualize huge amounts of data from mobility datasets. Plotting raw trajectories on a map often causes data occlusion, impairing the visual analysis. Displaying the multiple attributes that these trajectories come with is an even larger challenge. One approach to solve this problem is trail bundling, which groups motion trails that are spatially close in a simplified representation. In this paper, we augment a recent bundling technique to support multi-attribute trail datasets for the visual analysis of urban mobility. Our case study is based on the travel survey from the São Paulo Metropolitan Area, which is one of the most intense traffic areas in the world. The results show that bundling helps the identification and analysis of various mobility patterns for different data attributes, such as peak hours, social strata, and transportation modes.

#### BibTeX

@article{jisaBundling2021,
author = {Tallys G. Martins and Nelson Lago and Eduardo F. Z. Santana and Alexandru Telea and Fabio Kon and Higor A. de Souza},
title = {Using bundling to visualize multivariate urban mobility structure patterns in the {São} {Paulo} {Metropolitan} {Area}},
journal = {Journal of Internet Services and Applications},
volume = {12},
pages = {6},
doi = {10.1186/s13174-021-00136-9},
issn = {1869-0238},
year = {2021},
month = sep,
}

Matheus Tavares Bernardino, Giuliano Belinassi, Paulo Meirelles, Eduardo Martins Guerra, and Alfredo Goldman. Improving Parallelism in Git and GCC: Strategies, Difficulties, and Lessons Learned. IEEE Software ( Volume: 38, Issue: 5, Sept.-Oct.), 2021.

#### Abstract

Manufacturers are creating powerful CPUs by exponentially increasing the number of cores over time, as producing faster sequential chips has become more expensive. Developers must now employ parallel strategies and design parallel algorithms if they want to use every resource available in the machine. Still, many successful open-source projects are mostly sequential, failing to harness the full computational power available. This article presents approaches for performance improvements into two large and well-known open-source projects, Git and GCC, using parallel programming. We share the difficulties faced and the strategies used, concluding with a set of lessons learned useful to similar parallelization processes.

#### BibTeX

@article{TavaresIEEESW2020,
author={Bernardino, Matheus Tavares and Belinassi, Giuliano and Meirelles, Paulo and Guerra, Eduardo Martins and Goldman, Alfredo},
journal={IEEE Software},
title={Improving Parallelism in {Git} and {GCC}: Strategies, Difficulties, and Lessons Learned},
year={2020},
doi={10.1109/MS.2020.3020932}
}

Diogo Gonçalves, Luiz Bittencourt, and Edmundo Madeira. Dynamic Network Slicing in Fog Computing for Mobile Users (in Portuguese). XXXIX Simpósio Brasileiro de Redes de Computadores e Sistemas Distribuídos, 2021.

#### Abstract

A Computação em Névoa é responsável por prover recursos computacionais na borda da rede a usuários com diferentes características e demandas. Por meio da virtualização de seus recursos, é possível criar múltiplas Redes Virtuais, ou Fatias de Rede, sobre uma mesma arquitetura física, cada uma atendendo um grupo de usuários. Nesse contexto, avaliar o desempenho de tais redes em diferentes cenários se torna primordial para identiﬁcar pontos fortes e fracos a serem considerados no desenvolvimento de mecanismos para gerenciar a rede. Este artigo apresenta uma análise de desempenho de diferentes abordagens de alocação de Fatias de Rede com o objetivo de otimizar o processo de migração de serviços na névoa. Resultados obtidos no simulador MobFogSim apontam que, devido a variações de demanda, o desempenho da alocação estática dessas redes pode se degradar ao longo do tempo. A alocação dinâmica de fatias de rede se apresentou como uma solução para esse cenário, a depender do custo computacional necessário para a reconﬁguração dessas redes.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{gonccalves2021fatiamento,
title={Fatiamento Din\^amico de Redes em Computa\c{c}\~ao em N\'evoa para Usu\'arios M\'oveis},
author={Gon\c{c}alves, Diogo M and Bittencourt, Luiz F and Madeira, Edmundo RM},
booktitle={Anais do XXXIX Simp\'osio Brasileiro de Redes de Computadores e Sistemas Distribu\'idos},
pages={57--70},
year={2021},
organization={SBC},
url = {https://sol.sbc.org.br/index.php/sbrc/article/view/16711},
}

Renê Cardozo and Daniel Batista. Parameter extraction for network simulation in widely-used mobile apps (in Portuguese). IV Workshop de Trabalhos de Graduação e Iniciação Científica (WTG) do SBRC, 2021.

#### Abstract

Este artigo apresenta uma investigação a respeito da aderência do novo protocolo da camada de transporte, QUIC, por aplicações de grande utilização em dispositivos móveis e suas principais características de tráfego de rede. Para isso, foram escolhidos nove aplicativos com mais de 1 bilhão de downloads cada na Play Store, e eles tiveram seu tráfego de rede capturado durante cinco minutos de utilização por meio do software Wireshark. Baseado nas características encontradas (latência, bytes transferidos, quantidade de pacotes transferidos, taxa de transferência, tamanho dos pacotes e endereços IP envolvidos na comunicação), foram extraídos parâmetros que podem ajudar na simulação destas aplicações em simuladores de rede como o ns-3.

#### BibTeX

inproceedings{cardozo2021,
author = {Renê Cardozo and Daniel Batista},
title = {Extra\c{c}\~ao de Par\^ametros para Simula\c{c}\~ao de Redes em Aplicativos M\'oveis de Grande Utiliza\c{c}\~ao},
booktitle = {Anais Estendidos do XXXIX Simp\'osio Brasileiro de Redes de Computadores e Sistemas Distribu\'idos},
year = {2021},
issn = {2177-9384},
pages = {233--240},
publisher = {SBC},
url = {https://sol.sbc.org.br/index.php/sbrc_estendido/article/view/17176}
}

Bruno Cunha and Daniel Batista. Evaluation of the MQTT Protocol Integration in a Smart Cities Platform (in Portuguese). IV Workshop de Trabalhos de Graduação e Iniciação Científica (WTG) do SBRC, 2021.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{cunha2021,
author = {Bruno Cunha and Daniel Batista},
title = {Avalia\c{c}\~ao da Integra\c{c}\~ao do Protocolo {MQTT} em uma Plataforma de Cidades Inteligentes},
booktitle = {Anais Estendidos do XXXIX Simpósio Brasileiro de Redes de Computadores e Sistemas Distribuídos},
year = {2021},
issn = {2177-9384},
pages = {217--224},
publisher = {SBC},
url = {https://sol.sbc.org.br/index.php/sbrc_estendido/article/view/17174}
}

Rodrigo Tinini, Matias Santos, Carlos Kamienski, Gustavo Figueiredo, and Daniel Batista. Efficient Allocation of vBBUs and VPONs in a Virtualized Cloud-Fog RAN Architecture over TWDM-PON (in Portuguese). XXXIX Simpósio Brasileiro de Redes de Computadores e Sistemas Distribuídos (SBRC), 2021.

#### Abstract

Para diminuir a latência e o consumo de energia em redes 5G, operadores têm adotado a arquitetura Cloud Radio Access Networks (CRAN) com um fronthaul TWDM-PON. Apesar de reduzir o consumo de energia, a carga de dados no fronthaul da CRAN é alta, podendo aumentar as latências e diminuir a cobertura da rede. Assim, neste artigo, consideramos a arquitetura Cloud-Fog RAN (CF-RAN), que usa fog nodes para diminuir a carga do fronthaul. Para esta arquitetura, nós propomos uma heurística baseada em grafos que dinamicamente ativa fog nodes e dimensiona a banda do fronthaul. A proposta provê soluções ótimas de um ILP, é capaz de mitigar a probabilidade de bloqueio e reduz o consumo de energia em até 58% em comparação com heurísticas base.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{tinini_conference2021,
author = {Rodrigo Tinini and Matias Santos and Carlos Kamienski and Gustavo Figueiredo and Daniel Batista},
title = {Aloca\c{c}\~ao Eﬁciente de {vBBUs} e {VPONs} em uma Arquitetura Cloud-Fog {RAN} Virtualizada sobre {TWDM-PON}},
booktitle = {Anais do XXXIX Simpósio Brasileiro de Redes de Computadores e Sistemas Distribuídos},
year = {2021},
issn = {2177-9384},
pages = {43--56},
publisher = {SBC},
url = {https://sol.sbc.org.br/index.php/sbrc/article/view/16710}
}

Fabíola Oliveira, Luiz Bittencourt, and Carlos Kamienski. Collision Prevention in Drone Delivery Services for Smart Cities (in Portuguese). V Workshop of Urban Computing (CoUrb), 2021.

#### Abstract

The recent advances in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), commonly called drones, and the new communication and artificial intelligence technologies make it possible to develop aerial delivery services for the near future. However, such advances in smart city services require strict security and safety standards. Particularly, collision avoidance strategies are needed to guarantee that drones do not collide with each other, with other aerial objects or beings, and numerous obstacles in typical urban settings. This paper proposes a delivery service scenario for smart cities and assesses the number of drones that collide under three different methods for the situation when a drone approaches another one: keeping the original route, taking a random detour and, taking a detour to the right, like in aviation. The results show that the detours can maintain or eliminate the number of collisions for fleets with few drones but increase the number of collisions when more drones are present. We investigate the travel time of the drones to show how each method behaves and the position of the collisions to identify the collision situation. The main conclusion is that naive and straightforward detour approaches do not guarantee collision avoidance, making a case for more sophisticated ones.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{oliveira2021prevencao,
author = {Fabíola Martins Campos de Oliveira and Luiz Fernando Bittencourt and Carlos Alberto Kamienski},
title = {Prevenção de Colisões em Serviços de Entregas por Drones em Cidades Inteligentes},
booktitle = {V Workshop de Computação Urbana (CoUrb)},
location = {Uberlândia, MG},
year = {2021},
keywords = {br},
pages = {182-195},
publisher = {SBC},
address = {Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil},
url = {https://sol.sbc.org.br/index.php/courb/article/view/17113/16951}
}

Leissi M.C. Leon, Krzysztof C. Ciesielski, Paulo A.V. Miranda. Efficient Hierarchical Multi-Object Segmentation in Layered Graphs. Mathematical Morphology - Theory and Applications, 5:21-43, 2021.

#### Abstract

We propose a novel efficient seed-based method for the multi-object segmentation of images based on graphs, named Hierarchical Layered Oriented Image Foresting Transform (HLOIFT). It uses a tree of the relations between the image objects, with each node in the tree representing an object. Each tree node may contain different individual high-level priors of its corresponding object and defines a weighted digraph, named as layer. The layer graphs are then integrated into a hierarchical graph, considering the hierarchical relations of inclusion and exclusion. A single energy optimization is performed in the hierarchical layered weighted digraph leading to globally optimal results satisfying all the high-level priors. The experimental evaluations of HLOIFT, on medical, natural, and synthetic images, indicate promising results comparable to the related baseline methods that include structural information, but with lower computational complexity. Compared to the hierarchical segmentation by the min-cut/max-flow algorithm, our approach is less restrictive, leading to globally optimal results in more general scenarios, and has a better running time.

#### BibTeX

@article{Leon21,
author={Leon, Leissi M.C. and Ciesielski, Krzysztof C. and Miranda, Paulo A.V.},
title={Efficient Hierarchical Multi-Object Segmentation in Layered Graphs},
journal={Mathematical Morphology - Theory and Applications},
year={2021},
volume={5},
number={1},
pages={21--43},
issn={2353-3390},
doi={10.1515/mathm-2020-0108},
}

Fillipe Santos, Roger Immich, and Edmundo Madeira. Multimedia Microservice Placement in Hierarchical Multi-tier Cloud-to-Fog Networks. FlexNGIA - IFIP/IEEE International Workshop on Fully-Flexible Internet Architectures and Protocols for the Next-Generation Tactile Internet, 2021.

#### Abstract

The demand for multimedia services in mobile networks has increased in the last years. The high quantity of users mobile, both consuming and producing multimedia content to and from the Cloud can outpace the available bandwidth capacity. Notwithstanding the many benefits of Cloud Computing (CC), it has been noticed that it does not provide adequate latency in areas with high demands for multimedia content. Furthermore, using Fog Computing (FG) it is possible to improve on the above-mentioned issues, being especially useful in latency-sensitive applications such nodes are physically much closer to devices if compared to centralized data centers. The main goal of this work is twofold, first, it proposed a method to design/create a hierarchical multi-tier Cloud-to-Fog network. Second, it introduced a novel multimedia microservices placement algorithm for multi-tier Fog nodes. The performance assessment was composed of two months of real-world mobile network traffic data from Milan, Italy. The obtained results showed that our algorithm selects the nodes closer to the user to meet their demands. This decision improves the services delivered to end-users, for example, a local Fog node can instead be responsible for the video stream and is far quicker than offloading the processing to a centralized cloud platform.

#### BibTeX

@INPROCEEDINGS{SantosIFIP2021,
author={Santos, Fillipe and Immich, Roger and Madeira, Edmundo},
booktitle={2021 IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management (IM)},
title={Multimedia Microservice Placement in Hierarchical Multi-tier Cloud-to-Fog Networks},
publisher= {IEEE},
month= jun,
year={2021},
pages={1044-1049},
URL={https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9463993},
}

Higor Amario de Souza, Edison de Oliveira Vianna, Edlene Carneiro de Souza, Fabio Kon. Implantação e uso da ferramenta de análise de mobilidade de bicicletas BikeScience na CET: Identificando caminhos cicláveis em São Paulo. Revista UniCET, vol. 1, no. 3, 2021.

#### Note

All the software described in this paper is available as open source at https://gitlab.com/interscity/bike-science

#### BibTeX

@article{souza2021,
title={Implantac\{c}\~ao e uso da ferramenta de an\'alise de mobilidade de bicicletas {BikeScience} na {CET}: {Identificando} caminhos cicl\'aveis em S\~ao Paulo},
author={Higor Amario de Souza and Edison de Oliveira Vianna and Edlene Carneiro de Souza and Fabio Kon},
journal={Revista UniCET},
volume={1},
number={3},
pages={21--43},
year={2021},
url = {revistaunicet.cetsp.com.br/index.php/RevistaUniCET/article/view/24},
}

Francisco Wallison Rocha, Emilio Francesquini, and Daniel Cordeiro. An Approach Inspired by Simulation Points to Accelerate Smart Cities Simulations. XII Escola Regional de Alto Desempenho de São Paulo, 2021.

#### Abstract

Approaches using simulations are of great value for smart cities research. However, city-scale simulators can be both processing and memory-intensive, and hard to scale. To speed up these simulations and to allow executing larger scenarios, this work presents an approach based on an technique named Simpoint to estimate the result of new simulations using previous simulations. This technique aims to identify and cluster recurring patterns during a simulation. Then, unique representatives of each cluster are selected and their simulation is used to estimate the simulation results of the remaining cluster elements. The experimental results for our estimates are promising. On a dataset with 16,993 time series, our technique was able to estimate the original series with an average error of 1.60979e-11 and standard deviation of 9.18228e-11.

#### BibTeX

author = {Rocha, Francisco and Francesquini, Emilio and Cordeiro, Daniel},
title = {Uma Abordagem Inspirada em Simulation Points para Acelerar as Simula\c{c}\~oes de Cidades Inteligentes},
booktitle = {Anais da XII Escola Regional de Alto Desempenho de S\~ao Paulo},
location = {Evento Online},
year = {2021},
pages = {49--52},
publisher = {SBC},
address = {Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil},
}

João C. Fukuda, Emilio Francesquini, and Daniel Cordeiro. Profiling an Erlang Program Inside A Linux Environment: A Discussion of Possible Approaches (in Portuguese). XII Escola Regional de Alto Desempenho de São Paulo, 2021.

#### Abstract

Erlang is a concurrent language built to run on the BEAM virtual machine. This paper discusses the different approaches one can take to profile programs built on Erlang from both inside and outside BEAM and their inherent tradeoffs. It divides profiling and tracing tools into system and VM-level, compares both categories’ advantages and disadvantages in terms of performance and how trying to keep performance might minimize other aspects of the profiling, and describes how to take advantage of them both alone and together by combining their outputs to produce the best possible result.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{Fukuda2021,
author={Fukuda, Jo\~ao and Francesquini, Emilio and Cordeiro, Daniel},
title={Perfilando Um Programa Erlang Dentro De Um Ambiente Linux: Uma Discuss\~ao de Poss\'iveis Abordagens}
booktitle={Anais da XII Escola Regional de Alto Desempenho de S\~ao Paulo},
location={Evento Online},
year={2021},
pages={9--12},
publisher = {SBC},
address = {Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil},
}

Edson Dias, Paulo Meirelles, Fernando Castor, Igor Steinmacher, Igor Wiese, and Gustavo Pinto. What Makes a Great Maintainer of Open Source Projects?. 43rd International Conference on Software Engineering, 2021.

#### Abstract

Although Open Source Software (OSS) maintainers devote a significant proportion of their work to coding tasks, great maintainers must excel in many other activities beyond coding. Maintainers should care about fostering a community, helping new members to find their place, while also saying “no” to patches that although are well-coded and well-tested, do not contribute to the goal of the project. To perform all these activities masterfully, maintainers should exercise attributes that software engineers (working on closed source projects) do not always need to master. This paper aims to uncover, relate, and prioritize the unique attributes that great OSS maintainers might have. To achieve this goal, we conducted 33 semi-structured interviews with well-experienced maintainers that are the gatekeepers of notable projects such as the Linux Kernel, the Debian operating system, and the GitLab coding platform. After we analyzed the interviews and curated a list of attributes, we created a conceptual framework to explain how these attributes are connected. We then conducted a rating survey with 90 OSS contributors. We noted that “technical excellence” and “communication” are the most recurring attributes. When grouped, these attributes fit into four broad categories: management, social, technical, and personality. While we noted that “sustain a long term vision of the project” and being “extremely careful” seem to form the basis of our framework, we noted through our survey that the communication attribute was perceived as the most essential one.

#### BibTeX

@InProceedings{DiasICSE2021,
author={Dias, Edson and Meirelles, Paulo and Castor, Fernando and Steinmacher, Igor and Wiese, Igor and Pinto, Gustavo},
booktitle={2021 IEEE/ACM 43rd International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE)},
title={What Makes a Great Maintainer of Open Source Projects?},
year={2021},
pages={982-994},
publisher={IEEE},
doi={10.1109/ICSE43902.2021.00093},
}

Antonio Iyda Paganelli, Pedro Elkind Velmovitsky, Pedro Miranda, Adriano Branco, Paulo Alencar, Donald Cowan, Markus Endler, and Plinio Pelegrini Morita. A conceptual IoT-based early-warning architecture for remote monitoring of COVID-19 patients in wards and at home. Internet of Things Journal, 2021.

#### Abstract

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, health services around the globe are struggling. An effective system for monitoring patients can improve healthcare delivery by avoiding in-person contacts, enabling early-detection of severe cases, and remotely assessing patients’ status. Internet of Things (IoT) technologies have been used for monitoring patients’ health with wireless wearable sensors in different scenarios and medical conditions, such as noncommunicable and infectious diseases. Combining IoT-related technologies with early-warning scores (EWS) commonly utilized in infirmaries has the potential to enhance health services delivery significantly. Specifically, the NEWS-2 has been showing remarkable results in detecting the health deterioration of COVID-19 patients. Although the literature presents several approaches for remote monitoring, none of these studies proposes a customized, complete, and integrated architecture that uses an effective early-detection mechanism for COVID-19 and that is flexible enough to be used in hospital wards and at home. Therefore, this article’s objective is to present a comprehensive IoT-based conceptual architecture that addresses the key requirements of scalability, interoperability, network dynamics, context discovery, reliability, and privacy in the context of remote health monitoring of COVID-19 patients in hospitals and at home. Since remote monitoring of patients at home (essential during a pandemic) can engender trust issues regarding secure and ethical data collection, a consent management module was incorporated into our architecture to provide transparency and ensure data privacy. Further, the article details mechanisms for supporting a configurable and adaptable scoring system embedded in wearable devices to increase usefulness and flexibility for health care professions working with EWS.

#### BibTeX

@article{PAGANELLI2021,
author = {Antonio Iyda Paganelli and Pedro Elkind Velmovitsky and Pedro Miranda and Adriano Branco and Paulo Alencar and Donald Cowan and Markus Endler and Plinio Pelegrini Morita},
title = {A conceptual {IoT}-based early-warning architecture for remote monitoring of {COVID-19} patients in wards and at home},
journal = {Internet of Things},
pages = {100399},
year = {2021},
issn = {2542-6605},
doi = {10.1016/j.iot.2021.100399},
}

Alessandro S. Santos, Igor C. Teixeira, Rodrigo Neves, Icaro Gonçales, Angelina Inacio, Eduardo T. Ueda, Eduardo F. Z. Santana, Higor A. de Souza, Fabio Kon. Challenges and Strategies for Information Systems in the Decision-Making Process to Face the COVID-19 Pandemic: The São Paulo Case. Trends and Applications in Information Systems and Technologies. WorldCIST 2021. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 1367., 2021.

#### Abstract

The State of São Paulo was the epicenter of COVID-19 in Brazil, with a high impact on society, causing many deaths and significant losses to the economy. A milestone in confronting the pandemic was creating an Intelligent Monitoring System, whose mission was to consolidate and integrate data to support the state government in its strategic decisions. Overcoming the challenges of integration, anonymity, and privacy was essential to validate and make governmental actions legal and ethical. We present the technical aspects, the information integration and good practices in disseminating strategic data on mobility, health, and economy to support strategic decision making.

#### BibTeX

@InProceedings{Santos2021-Chapter-ChallengesAndStrategies,
author={Santos, Alessandro S. and Teixeira, Igor C. and Neves, Rodrigo and Gon\c{c}ales, Icaro and Inacio, Angelina and Ueda, Eduardo T.
and Santana, Eduardo F. Z. and de Souza, Higor A. and Kon, Fabio},
editor={Rocha, \'Alvaro and Adeli, Hojjat and Dzemyda, Gintautas and Moreira, Fernando and Ramalho Correia, Ana Maria},
title={Challenges and Strategies for Information Systems in the Decision-Making Process to Face the COVID-19 Pandemic: The S\~ao Paulo Case},
booktitle={Trends and Applications in Information Systems and Technologies },
year={2021},
publisher={Springer International Publishing},
issn = {978-3-030-72659-1},
pages={630--640},
isbn={978-3-030-72660-7},
doi={10.1007/978-3-030-72660-7_60},
}

Fabio Kon, Éderson Cássio Ferreira, Higor Amario de Souza, Fábio Duarte, Paolo Santi and Carlo Ratti. Abstracting mobility flows from bike-sharing systems. Public Transport, march, 2021.

#### Abstract

Bicycling has grown significantly in the past ten years. In some regions, the implementation of large-scale bike-sharing systems and improved cycling infrastructure are two of the factors enabling this growth. An increase in non-motorized modes of transportation makes our cities more human, decreases pollution, traffic, and improves quality of life. In many cities around the world, urban planners and policymakers are looking at cycling as a sustainable way of improving urban mobility. Although bike-sharing systems generate abundant data about their users’ travel habits, most cities still rely on traditional tools and methods for planning and policy-making. Recent technological advances enable the collection and analysis of large amounts of data about urban mobility, which can serve as a solid basis for evidence-based policy-making. In this paper, we introduce a novel analytical method that can be used to process millions of bike-sharing trips and analyze bike-sharing mobility, abstracting relevant mobility flows across specific urban areas. Backed by a visualization platform, this method provides a comprehensive set of analytical tools to support public authorities in making data-driven policy and planning decisions. This paper illustrates the use of the method with a case study of the Greater Boston bike-sharing system and, as a result, presents new findings about that particular system. Finally, an assessment with expert users showed that this method and tool were considered very useful, relatively easy to use and that they intend to adopt the tool in the near future.

#### Note

All the software described in this paper is available as open source at https://gitlab.com/interscity/bike-science

#### BibTeX

@article{2021KonPublicTransport,
title={Abstracting mobility flows from bike-sharing systems},
author={Fabio Kon and \'Ederson C\'assio Ferreira and Higor Amario de Souza and F\'abio Duarte and Paolo Santi and Carlo Ratti},
journal={Public Transport},
ISSN={1613-7159},
keywords={Bike-sharing, Mobility, Data science, Visualization, Open source software, Application case study},
year={2021},
month=mar,
publisher={Springer Nature},
doi={10.1007/s12469-020-00259-5},
}

Eduardo Felipe Zambom Santana, Gustavo Covas, Fábio Duarte, Paolo Santi, Carlo Ratti, and Fabio Kon. Transitioning to a driverless city: Evaluating a hybrid system for autonomous and non-autonomous vehicles. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory 107, 2021.

#### Abstract

Autonomous vehicles will transform urban mobility. However, before being fully implemented, autonomous vehicles will navigate cities in mixed-traffic roads, negotiating traffic with human-driven vehicles. In this work, we simulate a system of autonomous vehicles co-existing with human-driven vehicles, analyzing the consequences of system design choices. The system consists of a network of arterial roads with exclusive lanes for autonomous vehicles where they can travel in platoons. This paper presents the evaluation of this system in realistic scenarios evaluating the impacts of the system on travel time using mesoscopic traffic simulation. We used real data from the metropolis of São Paulo to create the simulation scenarios. The results show that the proposed system would bring reductions to the average travel time of the city commuters and other benefits such as the reduction of the space required to handle all the traffic.

#### BibTeX

@article{SANTANA2021102210,
title={Transitioning to a driverless city: Evaluating a hybrid system for autonomous and non-autonomous vehicles},
journal={Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory},
volume={107},
pages={102210},
year={2021},
month=feb,
issn={1569-190X},
doi={10.1016/j.simpat.2020.102210},
url={http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1569190X20301489},
author = {Eduardo Felipe Zambom Santana and Gustavo Covas and F\'abio Duarte and Paolo Santi and Carlo Ratti and Fabio Kon},
keywords = {Autonomous vehicles, Traffic simulation, Agent-based modeling, Smart cities},
}

Veruska Ayora, Flávio Horita, and Carlos Kamienski. Profiling Online Social Network Platforms: Twitter vs. Instagram. Proceedings of the 54th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), 2021.

#### Abstract

Online Social Networks (OSN) have been increasingly used as sources of information for different applications, ranging from business, politics, and public services. However, there is a lack of information on OSN platforms’ behavior that may impact big data processing and real-time services. In this paper, two of the most widely used social networks, Instagram and Twitter, are investigated to broaden the understanding of how each platform’s message characteristics influence data completeness and latency. We performed a series of experiments to emulate data posting and collection automatically. Our results increase the level of transparency of the platforms’ internal behavior, showing that both can deliver data with reasonably low latencies and high completeness, but Twitter can be up to eight times faster when it comes to multimedia messages.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{ayora2021profiling,
title={Profiling Online Social Network Platforms: {Twitter vs. Instagram}},
author={Ayora, Veruska and Horita, Fl\'avio and Kamienski, Carlos},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 54th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences},
pages={2792},
year={2021}
doi = {10.24251/HICSS.2021.341},
}

#### 2020

Diogo Gonçalves, Carlo Puliafito, Enzo Mingozzi, Omer Rana, Luiz Bittencourt, and Edmundo Madeira. Dynamic Network Slicing in Fog Computing for Mobile Users in MobFogSim. IEEE/ACM 13th International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing (UCC), 2020.

#### Abstract

Fog computing provides resources and services in proximity to users. To achieve latency and throughput requirements of mobile users, it may be useful to migrate fog services in accordance with user movement – a scenario referred to as follow me cloud. The frequency of migration can be adapted based on the mobility pattern of a user. In such a scenario, the fog computing infrastructure should simultaneously accommodate users with different characteristics, both in terms of mobility (e.g., route and speed) and Quality of Service requirements (e.g., latency, throughput, and reliability). Migration performance may be improved by leveraging “network slicing”, a capability available in Software Defined Networks with Network Function Virtualisation. In this work, we describe how we extended our simulator, called MobFogSim, to support dynamic network slicing and describe how MobFogSim can be used for capacity planning and service management for such mobile fog services. Moreover, we report an experimental evaluation of how dynamic network slicing impacts on container migration to support mobile users in a fog environment. Results show that dynamic network slicing can improve resource utilisation and migration performance in the fog.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{gonccalves2020dynamic,
title={Dynamic Network Slicing in Fog Computing for Mobile Users in {MobFogSim}},
author={Gon\c{c}alves, Diogo and Puliafito, Carlo and Mingozzi, Enzo and Rana, Omer and Bittencourt, Luiz and Madeira, Edmundo},
booktitle={2020 IEEE/ACM 13th International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing (UCC)},
pages={237--246},
year={2020},
organization={IEEE},
doi={10.1109/UCC48980.2020.00042},
}

Giovanne Santos and Daniel Batista. On-Demand Placement and Scheduling of Virtual Network Functions with Software Requirements. LATINCOM - IEEE Latin-American Conference on Communications, 2020.

#### Abstract

Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) can be combined together to meet several network services with reduced capital and operational expenditures. Given that the VNFs are virtualized, a network operator needs to solve two problems to efficiently deploy them: VNF placement and VNF scheduling. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to solve the two problems at the same time, placing and scheduling the VNFs on demand, and taking the software requirements into consideration, in a way that traditional distributed computing schedulers can be used. The proposed algorithm was evaluated via simulation against three other schedulers. Results showed that the algorithm is able to increase, by 19.7%, the number of completed VNFs in a scenario with 16540 VNFs being instantiated.

#### BibTeX

@INPROCEEDINGS{santosLATINCOM,
author={dos Santos, Giovanne Marcelo and Batista, Daniel Macedo},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE Latin-American Conference on Communications (LATINCOM)},
title={On -Demand Placement and Scheduling of Virtual Network Functions with Software Requirements},
year={2020},
pages={1-5},
doi={10.1109/LATINCOM50620.2020.9282289}
}

Alexandre Meslin, Noemi Rodriguez, Markus Endler. Supporting Multiple Smart-City Applications based on MUSANet, a Common IoMT Middleware. WORKSHOP EM CLOUDS E APLICAÇÕES (WCGA), 2020, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil , 2020.

#### Abstract

The MUSANet system is a three-tier middleware for smart cities implemented using InterSCity, ContextNet, and Mobile-Hub. In order to decentralize processing from the cloud, the system includes stationary layer processing in the fog and collection of mobile data in the edge. In this article, we explore the flexibility and decoupling offered by MUSANet. We present two different applications for smart cities and discuss how they can be implemented in MUSANet, showing that, using the basic infrastructure, we can build new applications without interfering in existing ones due to the low coupling between the entities that make up the tiers of MUSANet. A third application illustrates how the distribution of data processing among MUSANet layers can help reduce the network load, preserving energy.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{meslinWCGA20,
author = {Alexandre Meslin and Noemi Rodriguez and Markus Endler},
title = {Supporting Multiple Smart-City Applications based on {MUSANet}, a Common IoMT Middleware},
booktitle = {Anais do XVIII Workshop em Clouds e Aplica\c{c}\~oes},
location = {Rio de Janeiro},
year = {2020},
month=dec,
keywords = {smart cities, middleware, cloud, fog, edge computing},
pages = {13-26},
publisher = {SBC},
address = {Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil},
doi = {10.5753/wcga.2020.12441},
url = {https://sol.sbc.org.br/index.php/wcga/article/view/12441}
}

Alessandro Santos, Leandro de Freitas, Igor Teixeira, Vagner Gava, Gustavo Taira, Rosa Encinas Quille, Kelly Braghetto. Desafios e oportunidades da aplicação de Sistemas Ciberfísicos no monitoramento da poluição urbana. 2020: ANAIS DO IV WORKSHOP DE COMPUTAÇÃO URBANA, SBC, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, 2020.

#### Abstract

A ação do homem tem provocado mudanças no meio ambiente, sendo a poluição urbana uma das consequências negativas aplicadas nesse ecossistema. Com o desenvolvimento tecnológico, novas perspectivas computacionais afloram para o monitoramento ambiental. Este artigo apresenta pontos chaves da fenomenologia ambiental que podem se beneficiar da evolução promovida pela computação aplicada nos estudos da poluição, assim como realiza um levantamento de pesquisas e tecnologias utilizadas nesse contexto.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{santos2020courb,
author = {Alessandro Santos and Leandro de Freitas and Igor Teixeira and Vagner Gava and Gustavo Taira and Rosa Encinas Quille and Kelly Braghetto},
title = {Desafios e oportunidades da aplica\c{c}\~ao de Sistemas Ciberf\'isicos no monitoramento da polui\c{c}\~ao urbana},
booktitle = {Anais do IV Workshop de Computa\c{c}\~ao Urbana},
location = {Rio de Janeiro},
year = {2020},
keywords = {Polui\c{c}\~ao urbana, monitoramento ambiental, sistemas ciberf\'isicos, computa\c{c}\~ao aplicada},
issn = {2595-2706},
pages = {276-289},
publisher = {SBC},
address = {Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil},
doi = {10.5753/courb.2020.12369},
url = {sol.sbc.org.br/index.php/courb/article/view/12369}
}

Matteus Vargas Simão da Silva, Luiz Fernando Bittencourt, Adín Ramirez Rivera. Towards Federated Learning in Edge Computing for Real-Time Traffic Estimation in Smart Cities. 2020: ANAIS DO IV WORKSHOP DE COMPUTAÇÃO URBANA, SBC, Brasil, 2020.

#### Abstract

The wide proliferation of sensors and devices of Internet of Things(IoT), together with Artificial Intelligence (AI), has created the so-called Smart Environments. From a network perspective, these solutions suffer from high latency and increased data transmission. This paper proposes a Federated Learning (FL) architecture for Real-Time Traffic Estimation, supported by Roadside Units (RSU’s) for model aggregation. The solution envisages that learning will be done on clients with their local data, and fully distributed on the Edge, with high learning rates, low latency, and less bandwidth usage. To achieve that,this paper discusses tools and requirements for FL implementation towards a model for real-time traffic estimation, as well as how such solution could be evaluated using VANET and network simulators. As a first practical step, we show a preliminary evaluation of a learning model using a data set of cars that demonstrate a distributed learning strategy. In the future, we will use a similar distributed strategy within our proposed architecture.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{courb,
author = {Matteus Silva and Luiz Bittencourt and Adin Rivera},
title = {Towards Federated Learning in Edge Computing for Real-Time Traffic Estimation in Smart Cities},
booktitle = {Anais do IV Workshop de Computação Urbana},
location = {Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil},
year = {2020},
keywords = {Federated Learning, Edge Computing, Smart City, Real-Time Traffic Estimation, VANET},
issn = {2595-2706},
pages = {166-177},
publisher = {SBC},
address = {Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil},
doi = {10.5753/courb.2020.12361},
url = {https://sol.sbc.org.br/index.php/courb/article/view/12361}
}

Ademar Takeo Akabane, Edmundo Roberto Mauro Madeira, Leandro Aparecido Villas. Collaborative and Infrastructure-less Vehicular Traffic Rerouting for Intelligent Transportation Systems. 2020: ANAIS ESTENDIDOS DO XXXVIII SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE REDES DE COMPUTADORES E SISTEMAS DISTRIBUÍDOS, 2020.

#### Abstract

This extended abstract provides an at-a-glance view of the main contributions of my Ph.D. work. The work aims to investigate and develop cutting-edge an infrastructure-less vehicular traffic management system in order to minimize vehicular traffic congestion and advance the state-of-the-art in intelligent transportation systems. The proposed solutions were widely compared with other literature solutions on different performance evaluation metrics. The evaluation results show that the proposed vehicle traffic management system is efficient, scalable, and cost-effective, which may be a good alternative to mitigate urban mobility problems.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{akabane2020sbrc,
title = {Collaborative and Infrastructure-less Vehicular Traffic Rerouting for Intelligent Transportation Systems},
booktitle = {Anais Estendidos do XXXVIII Simp\'osio Brasileiro de Redes de Computadores e Sistemas Distribu\'idos},
location = {Rio de Janeiro},
year = {2020},
keywords = {},
issn = {2177-9384},
pages = {193-200},
publisher = {SBC},
address = {Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil},
url = {sol.sbc.org.br/index.php/sbrc_estendido/article/view/12419}
}

Gustavo Franco Camilo, Gabriel Antonio Fontes Rebello, Lucas Airam Castro de Souza, Otto Carlos Muniz Bandeira Duarte. AutAvailChain: Disponibilização Segura, Controlada e Automática de Dados IoT usando Corrente de Blocos. 2020: ANAIS DO III WORKSHOP EM BLOCKCHAIN: TEORIA, TECNOLOGIA E APLICAÇÕES, 2020.

#### Abstract

A centralização da confiança utilizada nos sistemas de compartilhamento de dados atuais limita o controle do usuário proprietário sobre os próprios dados. A intervenção individual do proprietário para autorizar o acesso a seus dados a cada demanda dificulta a acessibilidade a dados muito populares. Este artigo propõe AutAvailChain, uma arquitetura baseada em corrente de blocos e redes definidas por software para prover o compartilhamento seguro, automático e distribuído de dados IoT. O protótipo desenvolvido utiliza a plataforma Hyperledger Fabric para implementar a corrente de blocos e um contrato inteligente. Os resultados mostram um desempenho satisfatório para atender, de maneira rápida e segura, dezenas de transações por segundo.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{wblockchain,
author = {Gustavo Camilo and Gabriel Antonio Rebello and Lucas Airam de Souza and Otto Carlos Duarte},
title = {AutAvailChain: Disponibilização Segura, Controlada e Automática de Dados IoT usando Corrente de Blocos},
booktitle = {Anais do III Workshop em Blockchain: Teoria, Tecnologia e Aplicações},
location = {Rio de Janeiro},
year = {2020},
keywords = {},
pages = {1-14},
publisher = {SBC},
address = {Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil},
doi = {10.5753/wblockchain.2020.12428},
url = {https://sol.sbc.org.br/index.php/wblockchain/article/view/12428}
}

Marcelo Vieira, Sérgio Carvalho, Fábio Costa and David Bromberg. A Model-Driven Approach for Real-time Role-Based Communication. 2020, Simpósio Brasileiro de Redes de Computadores e Sistemas Distribuídos, SBC, 2020.

#### Abstract

Recent years have seen the inception of many domain-specific modelling languages, enabling to overcome some of the main difficulties found in software development. The use of models has a particular impact on the implementation phase, as models tend to be closer to the problems to be solved than code. This paves the way to enable application construction by non-experts in software development, such as domain specialists. In this paper, we exploit the use of models in the domain of real-time communication, which poses significant challenges for application construction due to the multitude and intricacy of the technologies involved. We propose RBCML, a communication modelling language for the high-level specification of real-time communication sessions based on the roles that users play in the sessions. The language is processed using a combination of partial code generation and dynamic model interpretation, resulting in the construction of fully functional communication applications. The paper describes RBCML and its implementation on top of W3C’s Web Real-Time Communication protocols (WebRTC). An evaluation is presented to compare the use of RBCML with code-based development and to characterize the performance of communication session establishment using the language.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{azevedosbrc2020,
author = {Marcelo Vieira and Sérgio Carvalho and Fabio Costa and David Bromberg},
title = {A Model-Driven Approach for Real-time Role-Based Communication},
booktitle = {Anais do XXXVIII Simpósio Brasileiro de Redes de Computadores e Sistemas Distribuídos},
location = {Rio de Janeiro},
year = {2020},
keywords = {Metamodel, {WebRTC}, Communication Modeling Language, Domain Specific Modelling Language, Real Time Communication, Role-Based Communication Modelling Language, RBCML},
issn = {2177-9384},
pages = {630-643},
publisher = {SBC},
address = {Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil},
doi = {10.5753/sbrc.2020.12314},
url = {https://sol.sbc.org.br/index.php/sbrc/article/view/12314}
}

Patrick Abrahao, Roger Immich, Alfredo Goldman. Análise da Performance de Streaming de Vídeos Adaptativos em Redes Veiculares V2I. 2020, WORKSHOP DE TRABALHOS DE INICIAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA E DE GRADUAÇÃO, SBC, 2020.

#### Abstract

O emprego de carros com equipamentos de vídeo, assim como veículos conectados e autônomos, tem experienciado um aumentando considerável. Os números de serviços e aplicações a disposição em Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) seguem a mesma tendência. Esse tipo de rede é contemplado com um componente central de sistemas de transporte inteligentes, que provê um suporte para uma grande variedade de aplicações, incluindo serviço de vídeo. Esses serviços permeiam a rede com conteúdo de vídeo diariamente. Com o objetivo de entender melhor o comportamento destes serviços, este trabalho realiza uma análise da performance de streaming de vídeos adaptativos em VANETs. Resultado das simulações comprovam, através de métricas de QoS e QoE, que o MPEG-DASH apresenta mais vantagens em cenários menos densos, ainda que estes apresentem características de movimentação acentuada.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{abrahao2020sbrc,
author = {Patrick Abrah\~ao and Roger Immich and Alfredo Goldman},
title = {An\'alise da Performance de Streaming de V\'ideos Adaptativos em Redes Veiculares V2I},
booktitle = {Anais Estendidos do XXXVIII Simp\'osio Brasileiro de Redes de Computadores e Sistemas Distribu\'idos},
location = {Rio de Janeiro},
year = {2020},
keywords = {MPEG-DASH, VANETs, QoE},
issn = {2177-9384},
pages = {233--240},
publisher = {SBC},
address = {Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil},
doi = {10.5753/sbrc_estendido.2020.12424},
url = {sol.sbc.org.br/index.php/sbrc_estendido/article/view/12424}
}

Rafael Lopes Gomes, Luiz Fernando Bittencourt, Edmundo Roberto Mauro Madeira. Reliability-Aware Network Slicing in Elastic Demand Scenarios. IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 58, no. 10, pp. 29-34, October 2020, 2020.

#### Abstract

The Internet is an essential tool for society as a whole, being the basis for several services. This importance has increased the requirements for Internet service providers (ISPs). The current Internet infrastructure is limited, which often compromises the quality of service and quality of experience of users. Therefore, ISPs need to evolve their technologies and management capacity. One key approach is network slicing, which allows the management of reliability and elastic resource demand. This article discusses the reliability requirements of the network slicing process as well as the features and challenges of elastic demand scenarios. Additionally, it presents a reliability strategy for network slicing. The results from the experiments performed, using a dataset with real network demands, suggest that the reliability strategy mitigates the impact of physical failures over the Internet access service.

#### BibTeX

@ARTICLE{gomesReliabiility2020,
author={R. L. {Gomes} and L. F. {Bittencourt} and E. R. M. {Madeira}},
journal={IEEE Communications Magazine},
title={Reliability-Aware Network Slicing in Elastic Demand Scenarios},
year={2020},
publisher={IEEE},
month=nov,
volume={58},
number={10},
pages={29-34},
doi={10.1109/MCOM.001.2000753}
}

Gabriely Pereira, Lucas Stankus, Gustavo Carlos, Eduardo Pinheiro, Rafael Manzo, Kelly Braghetto, Fabio Kon, Paulo Meirelles. HealthDashboard: A Urban Public Health Geospatial Visualization Platform. VAHC 2020 (11th workshop on Visual Analytics in Healthcare), 2020.

#### Abstract

Public healthcare systems generate large amounts of heterogeneous data that can provide valuable insights to inform public policy design. However, extracting relevant information from extensive heterogeneous datasets might be challenging. To address this problem, in a government-academia collaboration, we are developing an interactive visual dashboard for large-scale data analysis based on the Brazilian National Health System (SUS) hospitalization data. Its software architecture enables integration with the Hospital Information System (SIH-SUS) datasets from any region of Brazil so that health professionals can use it in hundreds of different cities. We defined an architecture that tames code complexity and brings modularity to the system. The platform processes SIH-SUS data and stores it into a geolocated relational database. Expert users can then perform advanced queries on the data with composite filters. Results are then displayed via multiple map visualizations, graphs, and tables. We expect that this open-source platform will become a useful tool for science-based public health policy making, influencing Brazilian public managers in the future to adopt an evidence-based, data-driven approach to healthcare management.

#### BibTeX

@InProceedings{Pereira:vahc2020,
author= {Pereira, Garbriely and Stankus, Lucas and Carlos, Gustavo and Pinheiro, Eduardo and Manzo, Rafael and Braghetto, Kelly and Kon, Fabio and Meirelles, Paulo},
title={{HealthDashboard}: A Urban Public Health Geospatial Visualization Platform},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 2020 Workshop on Visual Analytics in Healthcare (VAHC 2020)},
year={2020},
month=nov,
}

Denis Contini, Lucas Fernando Souza de Castro, Edmundo Madeira, Sandro Rigo, and Luiz Fernando Bittencourt. Simulating Smart Campus Applications in Edge and Fog Computing. IEEE International Conference on Smart Computing (SMARTCOMP), 2020.

#### Abstract

Due to the rapid increase of IoT applications and their use in many different areas, large amounts of data have been generated to be processed and stored. In this scenario, some applications are sensitive to high latency and response times. In order to fulfil these requirements, Edge and Fog Computing appear with the objective of bringing processing and storage devices closer to applications and management mechanisms. In this context, due to limitations related to high cost, scalability and planning, several mechanisms and algorithms need to be simulated before being implemented in the real world. This paper presents a comparison between two simulation tools and their main characteristics (EdgeCloudSim and iFogSim) using a smart campus scenario deployed at the University of Campinas, where the sensors collect data from water meters and smart energy marker watches, in addition to smart public transportation and battery disposal bins. Our evaluation shows that the information processing in edge and fog can efficiently serve the applications, however, each simulation tool has its specificities, and should be used according to the researcher’s objectives and needs.

#### BibTeX

@INPROCEEDINGS{ContiniSMARTCOMP,
author={Contini, Denis and de Castro, Lucas Fernando Souza and Madeira, Edmundo and Rigo, Sandro and Bittencourt, Luiz Fernando},
booktitle={2020 IEEE International Conference on Smart Computing (SMARTCOMP)},
title={Simulating Smart Campus Applications in Edge and Fog Computing},
year={2020},
month=nov,
pages={326-331},
doi={10.1109/SMARTCOMP50058.2020.00072},
}

Débora Lina Ciriaco, Alexandre Pessoa, Laís Salvador, and Renata Wassermann. Semantic Integration of Unified Health System Databases: A Case Study with the Municipality of São Paulo (in Portuguese). XIII ONTOBRAS - Seminar on Ontology Research in Brazil, 2020.

#### Abstract

Integrating databases is crucial for the understanding of the health domain. In this work, a semantic integration methodology was adapted for the birth and death bases of the Unified Health System (SUS). We developed a case study targeting the development of a health indicator in the context of mother and child health at the São Paulo municipality. We developet the ontology layers for this solution, comprising specifications and mappings. The ontologies were populated and evaluated for their capacity to answer the relevant questions selected by domain experts. The solution proved useful in the integration process, providing a global view of the data and its relationships.

#### BibTeX

@article{ciriaco2020integracc,
title={Integra\c{c}\~ao Sem\^antica das Bases de Dados do {Sistema \'Unico de Sa\'ude}: Um Estudo de Caso com o Munic\'ipio de S\~ao Paulo},
author={Ciriaco, D\'ebora Lina and Pessoa, Alexandre and Salvador, La\'is and Wassermann, Renata},
publisher={CEUR Workshop Proceedings (CEUR-WS.org)},
volume={2728},
year={2020},
month= nov,
url={http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2728/paper5.pdf},
}

Rodrigo Tinini, Daniel Batista, Gustavo Figueiredo, Massimo Tornatore, and Biswanath Mukherjee. Energy-Efficient vBBU Migration and Wavelength Reassignment in Cloud-Fog RAN. IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking ( Volume: 5, Issue: 1, March), 2020.

#### Abstract

Cloud-Fog Radio Access Network (CF-RAN) is a new architecture that increases network capacity in Cloud RAN (CRAN) by moving some BaseBand Units (BBU) from cloud to fog nodes closer to Remote Radio Heads (RRH). However, fog nodes increases CapEx and OpEx. Moreover, tidal traffic fluctuations may lead to an energy-inefficient operation if resources becomes lightly loaded. To address this problem, BBUs of fog nodes could be dynamically activated, and following traffic fluctuations, migrated to cloud. By leveraging Network Functions Virtualization (NFV), virtualized BBUs (vBBUs) can be dynamically allocated, deallocated, and migrated from fog nodes to cloud. Moreover, considering a Time-and-Wavelength Division Multiplexed Passive Optical Network (TWDM-PON) fronthaul, traffic can be migrated among virtual Passive Optical Network (VPON) channels to optimize bandwidth usage. In this article, we propose an Integer Linear Programing (ILP) formulation and an algorithm based on its linear relaxation to solve this migration problem. Compared to an algorithm without migration capabilities, our proposals reduces blocking of RRHs demanding processing of 89% and achieves power savings of 38% by reducing activated processing resources and VPONs after migrations, while experiencing small rates of service interruption. Our relaxation-based solution approximates ILP optimality and reduces execution time of ILP up to 50x.

#### BibTeX

@ARTICLE{tininiJournal21,
author={Tinini, Rodrigo Izidoro and Batista, Daniel Macedo and Figueiredo, Gustavo Bittencourt and Tornatore, Massimo and Mukherjee, Biswanath},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking},
title={Energy-Efficient {vBBU} Migration and Wavelength Reassignment in Cloud-Fog {RAN}},
year={2021},
volume={5},
number={1},
pages={18-28},
doi={10.1109/TGCN.2020.3035546},
}

Fernanda Beatriz Jordan Rojas Dallaqua, Fabio Augusto Faria, and Alvaro Luiz Fazenda. Building Data Sets for Rainforest Deforestation Detection Through a Citizen Science Project. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 2020.

#### Abstract

Originally, the ForestEyes project aims to detect deforestation in tropical forests based on citizen science (CS) and machine learning (ML) approaches, in which the volunteers analyze and label segments of remote sensing images to build new training sets for creating different classification models. In previous work, only three modules related to CS have been proposed. In this letter, two new modules are created: 1) organization and selection and 2) ML. Therefore, these modules turn the ForestEyes project a more robust system in the deforestation detection task, building high-confidence labeled collections, increasing the monitoring coverage, and decreasing volunteer dependence. Performed experiments show that volunteers create better data sets than those based on automatic PRODES-based approaches, selecting the most relevant samples and discarding noisy segments that might disrupt ML techniques. Finally, the results showed the feasibility of allying CS with ML for rainforest deforestation detection task.

#### BibTeX

@ARTICLE{Dallaqua-2020,
author={Dallaqua, Fernanda Beatriz Jordan Rojas and Faria, Fabio Augusto and Fazenda, \'Alvaro Luiz},
journal={IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters},
title={Building Data Sets for Rainforest Deforestation Detection Through a Citizen Science Project},
year={2020},
pages={1-5},
doi={10.1109/LGRS.2020.3032098},
}

Alessandro Santiago dos Santos, Alessandra C. Corsi, Igor C. Teixeira, Vagner L. Gava, Filipe A. M. Falcetta, Eduardo S. de Macedo, Caio da S. Azevedo, Karlson T. B. de Lima, and Kelly R. Braghetto. Brazilian natural disasters integrated into cyber-physical systems: computational challenges for landslides and floods in urban ecosystems. 2020 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2), USA, 2020.

#### Abstract

Natural disasters cause a high impact in society, resulting in human and economic losses, so much so that increasing the efficiency in monitoring these phenomena becomes a necessity. The integration of cyber-physical systems and their IoT devices, connectivity, machine learning, and Big Data can help to achieve this efficiency. This paper presents key points of the phenomenology of these processes, with challenges and opportunities for applied computing in urban environmental studies in Brazil, as well as investigates studies and techniques that have been used to monitor landslides and floods.

#### BibTeX

@INPROCEEDINGS{santosDisastersISC2:2020,
author={A. S. {Santos} and A. C. {Corsi} and I. C. {Teixeira} and V. L. {Gava} and F. A. M. {Falcetta} and E. S. d. {Macedo} and C. d. S. {Azevedo} and K. T. B. d. {Lima} and K. R. {Braghetto}},
booktitle={2020 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)},
title={Brazilian natural disasters integrated into cyber-physical systems: computational challenges for landslides and floods in urban ecosystems},
year={2020},
month=oct,
publisher={ IEEE},
pages={1-8},
doi={10.1109/ISC251055.2020.9239011},
}

Eduardo F. Z. Santana, Fabio Kon. Using the InterSCSimulator to Evaluate Systems and Urban Scenarios. Tools Session of the 38th Brazilian Symposium on Computer Networks, 2020.

#### Abstract

The InterSCSimulator is a scalable, open-source Smart City simulator. The primary use of this tool is to evaluate complex Smart City scenarios and to test Smart City systems such as software platforms and applications. This simulator was already used in different contexts, such as to generate workload to Smart City platforms experiments, to evaluate the impacts of autonomous vehicles systems, and to assess the impact of a new subway line in São Paulo. This paper presents the main features and use cases of the InterSCSimulator, providing an information source to possible new users and contributors to this project.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{sbrc_estendido,
author = {Eduardo Santana and Fabio Kon},
title = {Using the InterSCSimulator to Evaluate Systems and Urban Scenarios},
booktitle = {Anais Estendidos do XXXVIII Simpósio Brasileiro de Redes de Computadores e Sistemas Distribuídos},
location = {Rio de Janeiro},
year = {2020},
keywords = {},
issn = {2177-9384},
pages = {9-16},
publisher = {SBC},
address = {Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil},
url = {https://sol.sbc.org.br/index.php/sbrc_estendido/article/view/12396}
}

Fabio Kon, Kelly Braghetto, Eduardo F. Z. Santana, Roberto Speicys, Jorge Guerra Guerra . Toward Smart and Sustainable Cities. Communications of the ACM, November 2020, Vol. 63 No. 11, Pages 51-52, 2020.

#### Abstract

Autonomous vehicles will transform urban mobility. However, before being fully implemented, autonomous vehicles will navigate cities in mixed-traffic roads, negotiating traffic with human-driven vehicles. In this work, we simulate a system of autonomous vehicles co-existing with human-driven vehicles, analyzing the consequences of system design choices. The system consists of a network of arterial roads with exclusive lanes for autonomous vehicles where they can travel in platoons. This paper presents the evaluation of this system in realistic scenarios evaluating the impacts of the system on travel time using mesoscopic traffic simulation. We used real data from the metropolis of São Paulo to create the simulation scenarios. The results show that the proposed system would bring reductions to the average travel time of the city commuters and other benefits such as the reduction of the space required to handle all the traffic.

#### BibTeX

@article{SmartSustainableCities:CACM:2020,
author = {Kon, Fabio and Braghetto, Kelly and Santana, Eduardo Z. and Speicys, Roberto and Guerra, Jorge Guerra},
title = {Toward Smart and Sustainable Cities},
year = {2020},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
volume = {63},
number = {11},
issn = {0001-0782},
doi = {10.1145/3416961},
journal = {Communications of the ACM},
month = nov,
pages = {51-52},
}

Tallys G. Martins, Nelson Lago, Higor A. de Souza, Eduardo F. Z. Santana, Alexandru Telea, Fabio Kon. Visualizing the structure of urban mobility with bundling: A case study of the city of São Paulo. IV Workshop of Urban Computing, 2020.

#### Abstract

Visualization of urban mobility data can facilitate the analysis and the decision-making process by public managers. However, mobility datasets tend to be very large and pose several challenges to the use of visualization, such as algorithm scalability and data occlusion. One approach to solve this problem is trail bundling, which groups motion trails that are spatially close in a simplified representation. This paper presents the results of adapting and using a recent bundling technique on a big dataset of urban mobility in São Paulo. The results show that bundling allows the visualization of various mobility patterns in the city.

#### PDF

Jorge Ribeiro, Daniel Batista, José Pina. hashify: A Software for Visualizing Hashes with Animations (in Portuguese). 2020 Brazilian Symposium on Information Security and Computer Systems (SBSeg), Tool Session, 2020.

#### Abstract

Comparing hashes is an essential operation in digital security, but tedious and error-prone when the hashes are in the form of hexadecimal strings.
This paper introduces a new hash visualization software with animations. The software, called hashify, uses 4 characters and 4 SVG icons to generate 2-second animations that transmit around 48 bits of a sequence derived from the original hash. It was implemented as a JavaScript library and embedded in a Firefox extension prototype, which uses the library to display a stamp of the HTTPS certificate used on a web page. The probability of collision and the results of a user survey attest to the effectiveness of hashify.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{Ribeiro2020,
author ={Jorge Miguel Ribeiro and Daniel Mac\^edo Batista and Jos\'e Coelho de Pina},
title = {{hashify}: Uma Ferramenta para Visualiza\c{c}\~ao de Hashes com Anima\c{c}\~oes},
year={2020},
month=oct,
booktitle ={Proceedings of the Tool Session of the Brazilian Symposium on Information Security and Computer Systems (SBSeg) 2020}
}

Sheriton R. Valim and Felipe Nogueira and Flávia Pisani and Markus Endler. Middleware Support for Generic and Flexible Actuation in the Internet of Mobile Things. 2020 IEEE 6th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT), 2020.

#### Abstract

The ability to control actuators of smart objects is a central requirement of many IoT applications such as Smart Buildings, Smart Cities, and Precision Agriculture. Still, in most current IoT systems, actuation control is hard-wired and device-specific, making it impossible to deal with a dynamic and variable set of smart (and mobile) devices that have also intermittent wireless connectivity with the Internet. These are typical problems of Internet of Mobile Things (IoMT) settings, where smart objects (e.g., medical equipment, robots, UAVs, and vehicles) are not stationary. Thus, this paper describes the design, implementation and performance tests of a middleware-level service that enables generic actuation control for a heterogeneous and dynamic set of actionable smart and movable devices.

#### BibTeX

@INPROCEEDINGS{Valim2020,
author={Sheriton R. Valim and Felipe Nogueira and Fl\'avia Pisani and Markus Endler},
booktitle={2020 {IEEE} 6th World Forum on Internet of Things {(WF-IoT)}},
title={Middleware Support for Generic and Flexible Actuation in the Internet of Mobile Things},
year={2020},
month=oct,
address = {New Orleans, LA, USA},
publisher = {IEEE},
doi = {10.1109/WF-IoT48130.2020.9221035},
}

Marcelino Silva, Ariel Teles, Rafael Lopes, Francisco Silva, Davi Viana, Luciano Coutinho, Nishu Gupta, and Markus Endler. Neighborhood-aware Mobile Hub: An Edge Gateway with Leader Election Mechanism for Internet of Mobile Things. Mobile Networks and Applications (2020), 2020.

#### Abstract

Internet of Things (IoT) is the interconnection of thousands of heterogeneous addressable smart objects (i.e., devices embedded with sensors and actuators) with Internet connectivity. Internet of Mobile Things (IoMT) is characterized by considering the mobility of smart objects. For managing smart objects, it is necessary to provide a middleware. Mobile Hub (M-Hub) is an IoT middleware that collects, processes and distributes data from a large number of smart objects on the edge of the network. M-Hub runs on mobile devices, enabling them to be gateways. It represents an autonomous entity, able to detect a set of objects available in the neighborhood and to monitor them independently of other M-Hubs. Hence, in some situations it may happen that a same object is eligible to be monitored by several M-Hubs. In this context, this paper proposes Neighborhood-aware M-Hub (NAM-Hub), a leader election mechanism integrated to the M-Hub to determine a suitable gateway for each smart object discovered opportunistically. It considers context data gathered from the mobile device to dynamically elect leaders (i.e., a leader and a sub-leader). The proposed solution contributes to take advantage from the resources provided for the mobile gateway and avoids their wastage. The proposed leader election mechanism was tested and evaluated considering its performance and the results were promising, with short detection time and recovery time in the system.

#### BibTeX

@article{SilvaTelesMNA2020,
title={Neighborhood-aware Mobile Hub: An Edge Gateway with Leader Election Mechanism for Internet of Mobile Things},
author={Silva, Marcelino and Teles, Ariel and Lopes, Rafael and Silva, Francisco and Viana, Davi and Coutinho, Luciano and Gupta, Nishu and Endler, Markus},
journal={Mobile Networks and Applications},
year={2020},
month=sep,
publisher={Springer},
doi = {10.1007/s11036-020-01630-3},
issn = {1572-8153},
}

Ivan Rodrigues de Moura, Francisco José da Silva e Silva, Luciano Reis Coutinho and Ariel Soares Teles. Mental Health Ubiquitous Monitoring: Detecting Context-Enriched Sociability Patterns Through Complex Event Processing. 2020 IEEE 33rd International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS), 2020.

#### Abstract

Traditionally, the process of monitoring and evaluating social behavior related to mental health has based on self-reported information, which is limited by the subjective character of responses and by various cognitive biases. Today, however, computational methods can use ubiquitous devices to monitor social behaviors related to mental health rather than relying on self-reports. Therefore, these technologies can be used to identify the routine of social activities, which enables the recognition of abnormal behaviors that may be indicative of mental disorders. In this paper, we present a solution for detecting context-enriched sociability patterns. Specifically, we introduced an algorithm capable of recognizing the social routine of monitored people. To implement the proposed algorithm, it was used a set of Complex Event Processing (CEP) rules, which allow the continuous processing of the social data stream derived from ubiquitous devices. The experiments performed indicated that the proposed solution is capable of detecting sociability patterns similar to a batch algorithm and demonstrated that context-based recognition provides a better understanding of social routine.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{CBMS-2020-Ivan,
title={Mental Health Ubiquitous Monitoring: Detecting Context-Enriched Sociability Patterns Through Complex Event Processing},
author={Rodrigues, Ivan and Silva, Francisco and Coutinho, Luciano and Teles, Ariel},
booktitle={2020 IEEE 33nd International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS)},
pages = {239-244},
publisher = {IEEE},
year={2020},
month=sep,
doi = {10.1109/CBMS49503.2020.00052}
}

Fernando Freire Scattone and Kelly Rosa Braghetto. Distributed Complex Event Processing Applied to the Real-Time Detection of Traffic Events (in Portuguese). Anais da 11ª Escola Regional de Alto Desempenho de São Paulo (ERAD-SP), 2020.

#### Abstract

Uma técnica comumente usada para processar dados em tempo real é o Processamento de Eventos Complexos (CEP – Complex Event Processing).
CEP permite a detecção de eventos de interesse a partir da identificação de padrões nos dados processados. Este trabalho apresenta uma implementação de arquitetura de microsserviços auto-escalável para CEP, apropriada para lidar com grandes fluxos de dados, como os gerados por sensores em cidades inteligentes. Um sistema que detecta problemas no tráfego das linhas de transporte público de ônibus de São Paulo foi projetado para testar a arquitetura.

#### BibTeX

author = {Fernando Freire Scattone and Kelly Rosa Braghetto},
title = {Processamento Distribu\'ido de Eventos Complexos Aplicado \a Detec\c{c}\~ao de Eventos no Tr\^ansito em Tempo Real},
year = {2020},
booktitle = {Anais da 11ª Escola Regional de Alto Desempenho de S\~ao Paulo (ERAD-SP)},
publisher = {Sociedade Brasileira de Computa\c{c}\~ao},
}

Francisco Wallison Rocha, Emilio Francesquini, and Daniel Cordeiro. The Use of Data Partitioning to Accelerate Smart City Simulations (in Portuguese). XI Escola Regional de Alto Desempenho de São Paulo, 2020.

#### Abstract

Simulations are a high-value technique for Smart Cities research. However, simulators capable of simulating events on a whole city may demand a lot of memory and processing time. This work presents a load-balancing algorithm to a traffic simulator developed to study Smart Cities.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{Rocha2020,
author = Rocha, Francisco Wallison and Francesquini, Emilio and Cordeiro, Daniel},
title = {Uso de Particionamento de Dados para Acelerar Simula\c{c}\~oes de Cidades Inteligentes},
booktitle = {Anais da XI Escola Regional de Alto Desempenho de S\~ao Paulo},
location = {Evento Online},
year = {2020},
pages = {62--65},
publisher = {SBC},
address = {Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil},
}

Mayuri Morais and Raphael Camargo. Scalable Data Analysis for Public Bus Systems. 11ª Escola Regional de Alto Desempenho de São Paulo, 2020, 2020.

#### Abstract

Urban mobility through quality public transportation is one of the major challenges for the consolidation of smart cities. Researchers developed different approaches for improving bus system reliability and information quality, including travel time prediction algorithms, network state evaluations, and bus bunching prevention strategies. The information provided by these approaches are complementary and could be aggregated for better predictions. In this work, we propose the architecture and a present a prototype implementation of a framework that enables the integration of several approaches, which we call models, into scalable and efficient composite models.

#### BibTeX

author = {Mayuri Morais and Raphael Camargo},
title = {Scalable Data Analysis for Public Bus Systems},
booktitle = {11ª Escola Regional de Alto Desempenho de S\~ao Paulo},
year = {2020},
pages = {1-4},
month = aug,
address = {São Paulo, SP, Brazil},
}

Luis Gustavo Araujo Rodriguez and Daniel Macêdo Batista. Program-aware fuzzing for MQTT applications. ISSTA 2020: Proceedings of the 29th ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis, 2020.

#### Abstract

Over the last few years, MQTT applications have been widely exposed to vulnerabilities because of their weak protocol implementations. For our preliminary research, we conducted background studies to: (1) determine the main cause of vulnerabilities in MQTT applications; and (2) analyze existing MQTT-based testing frameworks. Our preliminary results confirm that MQTT is most susceptible to malformed packets, and its existing testing frameworks are based on blackbox fuzzing, meaning vulnerabilities are difficult and time-consuming to find. Thus, the aim of my research is to study and develop effective fuzzing strategies for the MQTT protocol, thereby contributing to the development of more robust MQTT applications in IoT and Smart Cities.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{rodriguez,
author = {Rodriguez, Luis Gustavo A. and Batista, Daniel M.},
title = {Program-aware fuzzing for {MQTT} applications},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis -- ISSTA 2020 Doctoral Symposium},
year = {2020},
pages={582–586},
month=jul,
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
isbn = {9781450380089},
doi = {10.1145/3395363.3402645},
}

Anderson Almeida, Marcos Amaris, Bruno Merlin and Allan Veras. Modeling and Temporal Prediction of Quality Water Parameters Using Deep Neural Networks (in Potuguese)). Workshop of Applied Computing on the Management of the Environment and Natural Resources, 2020.

#### Abstract

The quality of the water is directly related to its level of pollution, and for that, monitoring is necessary to identify the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics, considering the current legislation.
This article presents a comparison of the Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) and Perceptron Multilayer (MLP) neural network models to predict the pH, OD, BOD, Phosphorus, and Turbidity parameters of water quality. The error metrics RMSE and MSE were used, when the neural networks are configured with 10, 25, and 50 neurons. The LSTM network presented RMSE errors of 0.137, 0.132 and 0.134, and MSE of 0.036, 0.034 and 0.035. The MLP network presented RMSE errors of 0.095, 0.084 and 0.076, and MSE of 0.013, 0.010 and 0.008.
The results of the experiments aim to contribute to the process of monitoring water quality and to assist water management planning through the appropriate machine learning model for predicting parameters.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{wcama,
author = {Anderson Almeida and Marcos Amaris and Bruno Merlin and Allan Veras},
title = {Modelagem e Predi\c{c}\~ao temporal de Par\^ametros de Qualidade de \'Agua usando Redes Neurais Profundas},
booktitle = {Anais do XI Workshop de Computa\c{c}\~ao Aplicada \a Gest\~ao do Meio Ambiente e Recursos Naturais},
location = {Evento Online},
year = {2020},
keywords = {Monitoramento de qualidade da \'agua, LTSM, MLP},
issn = {2595-6124},
pages = {121-130},
publisher = {SBC},
address = {Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil},
doi = {10.5753/wcama.2020.11026},
}

Osvaldo Fonseca, Ítalo Cunha, Elverton Fazzion, Wagner Meira Jr, Bivaldor Junior, Ronaldo A. Ferreira and Ethan Katz-Bassett. Tracking Down Sources of Spoofed IP Packets. IFIP Networking Conference, 2020.

#### Abstract

The lack of authentication in the Internet’s data plane allows hosts to falsify (spoof) the source IP address in packet headers, which forms the basis for amplification denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. Current approaches to locate sources of spoofed traffic lack coverage or are not deployable today. We propose a mechanism that a network with multiple peering links can use to coarsely locate the sources of spoofed traffic in the Internet. More precisely, the network can monitor and map spoofed traffic arriving on a peering link to the set of sources routed toward that link. We propose mechanisms the network can use to systematically vary BGP announcement configurations to induce changes to Internet routes and to the set of sources routed to each peering link. A network using our technique can correlate observations over multiple configurations to more precisely delineate regions sending spoofed traffic. Evaluation of our techniques on the Internet shows that they can partition the Internet into small regions, allowing targeted intervention.

#### Note

Received the 2nd Best Paper Award.

#### BibTeX

@INPROCEEDINGS{Fons2006:Tracking,
AUTHOR={Osvaldo Fonseca and \'Italo Cunha and Elverton Fazzion and Wagner Meira Jr.
and Brivaldo A. S. Junior and Ronaldo Alves Ferreira and Ethan Katz-Bassett},
TITLE={Tracking Down Sources of Spoofed {IP} Packets},
BOOKTITLE={{IFIP} Networking 2020 Conference},
MONTH=jun,
YEAR={2020},
doi = {10.1145/3360468.3368175},
}

Leonardo Leite, Fabio Kon, Gustavo Pinto and Paulo Meirelles. Building a Theory of Software Teams Organization in a Continuous Delivery Context. 42nd International Conference on Software Engineering Companion (ICSE ’20 Companion), 2020.

#### Abstract

Based on Grounded Theory guidelines, we interviewed 27 IT professionals to investigate how organizations pursuing continuous delivery should organize their development and operations teams. In this paper, we present the discovered organizational structures: (1) siloed departments, (2) classical DevOps, (3) cross-functional teams, and (4) platform teams.

#### Note

ICSE Poster Track

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{leite2020building,
author = {Leonardo Leite and Fabio Kon and Gustavo Pinto and Paulo Meirelles},
booktitle = {42nd International Conference on Software Engineering Companion},
series = {ICSE'20 Companion},
title = {Building a Theory of Software Teams Organization in a Continuous Delivery Context},
year = {2020},
doi={10.1145/3377812.3390807},
}

Leonardo Leite, Fabio Kon, Gustavo Pinto and Paulo Meirelles. Platform Teams: An Organizational Structure for Continuous Delivery. IEEE/ACM 42nd International Conference on Software Engineering Workshops (ICSEW’20), 2020.

#### Abstract

Context: Continuous delivery practices accelerate time to market and improve customer satisfaction. Although recent related work suggests that organizations employing continuous delivery should promote a collaborative culture among different IT teams, there is no substantial literature tackling how organizations should organize their teams to excel in the context of continuous delivery.

Objective: In this study, we investigate how organizations pursuing continuous delivery organize their development and operations teams.

Method: We collected and analyzed data from interviews with 46 IT professionals, following Grounded Theory guidelines.

Results: After a careful analysis, we found four patterns of organizational structures: (1) the siloed departments, (2) the classical DevOps, (3) the cross-functional teams, and (4) the platform teams. This empirical study organizes and presents these structures, alongside their properties, as a taxonomy, which is our theory for organizing software teams in the context of continuous delivery.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{leite2020platform,
author = {Leonardo Leite and Fabio Kon and Gustavo Pinto and Paulo Meirelles},
booktitle = {{IEEE/ACM} 42nd International Conference on Software Engineering Workshops},
series = {ICSEW'20},
title = {Platform Teams: An Organizational Structure for Continuous Delivery},
year = {2020},
doi={10.1145/3387940.3391455},
}

André Luis Cristiani, Roger Immich, Ademar T. Akabane, Edmundo Roberto Mauro Madeira, Leandro Aparecido Villas and Rodolfo I. Meneguette. ATRIP: Architecture for Traffic Classification Based on Image Processing. MDPI Vehicles, number 2, June, 2020.

#### Abstract

With the increase of vehicles in large urban centers, there is also an increase in the number of traffic jams and accidents on public roads. The development of a proper Intelligent Transport System (ITS) could help to alleviate these problems by assisting the drivers on route selections to avoid the most congested road sections. Therefore, to improve on this issue, this work proposes an architecture to aid an ITS to detect, analyze, and classify the traffic flow conditions in real time. This architecture also provides a control room dashboard to visualize the information and notify the users about the live traffic conditions. To this end, the proposed solution takes advantage of computer vision concepts to extract the maximum information about the roads to better assess and keep the drivers posted about the traffic conditions on selected highways. The main contribution of the proposed architecture is to perform the detection and classification of the flow of vehicles regardless of the luminosity conditions. In order to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed solution, a testbed was designed. The obtained results show that the accuracy of the traffic classification rate is up to 90% in daylight environments and up to 70% in low light environments when compared with the related literature.

#### BibTeX

@article{Cristiani2020,
title={{ATRIP}: Architecture for Traffic Classification Based on Image Processing},
author={Cristiani, Andr\'e Luis and Immich, Roger and Akabane, Ademar T. and Madeira, Edmundo Roberto Mauro and Villas, Leandro Aparecido and Meneguette, Rodolfo I.},
volume={2},
ISSN={2624-8921},
DOI={10.3390/vehicles2020017},
number={2},
journal={Vehicles},
publisher={MDPI AG},
year={2020},
month=jun,
pages={303--317},
}

Thatiane de Oliveira Rosa, Alfredo Goldman, and Eduardo Martins Guerra. How ‘micro’ are your services?. IEEE International Conference on Software Architecture Companion (ICSA-C), 2020.

#### Abstract

Microservice is an architectural style that proposes that a complex system should be developed from small and independent services that work together. There is not a welldefined boundary about when a software architecture can be considered based on microservices or not. Because of that, defining microservices context and infrastructure is challenging, especially to characterize aspects related to microservice size, data consistency, and microservices coupling. Thus, it is crucial to understand the microservices-based software characteristics, to comprehend the impact of some evolutions on architecture, and evaluate how much a particular architecture fits the microservices architectural style. Therefore, based on bibliographic research and case studies conducted in academical and industrial environments, we aim to propose a model to characterize the architecture structure based on the main guidelines of the microservice architectural style. This model introduces dimensions that measure characteristics based on modules size, coupling to data sources, and service collaboration. This study should facilitate the mapping, measurement, and monitoring of different impacts generated in the software architecture from increments and refactoring performed. This work is on the initial development stage and as a result, we expected that the model supports architectural decisions that consider different quality attributes to achieve the right balance between service independence and collaboration for a given system.

#### BibTeX

@INPROCEEDINGS{9095617,
author={de Oliveira Rosa, Thatiane and Alfredo Goldman and Eduardo Martins Guerra},
booktitle={2020 {IEEE} International Conference on Software Architecture Companion ({ICSA-C})},
year={2020},
month = mar,
pages={75-78},
doi = {10.1109/ICSA-C50368.2020.00023},
}

Eddas Bertrand‐Martinez, Phelipe Dias Feio, Vagner de Brito Nascimento, Fabio Kon and Antônio Abelém. Classification and evaluation of IoT brokers: A methodology. International Journal of Network Management, e2115, 2020.

#### Abstract

Since the term Internet of Things (IoT) was coined by Kevin Ashton in 1999, a number of middleware platforms have been developed to cope with important challenges such as the integration of different technologies. In this context of heterogeneous technologies, IoT message brokers become critical elements for the proper function of smart systems and wireless sensor networks (WSN) infrastructures. There are several evaluations made on IoT messaging middleware performance. Nevertheless, most of them ignore crucial aspects of the IoT context that also need to be included, such as reliability and other qualitative aspects. Thus, in this article, we propose a methodology for classification and evaluation of IoT brokers to help the scientific community and technology industry on evaluating them according to their interests, without leaving out important aspects for the context of smart environments. Our methodology bases its qualitative evaluations on the ISO/IEC 25000 (SQuaRE) set of standards and its quantitative evaluations on Jain’s process for performance evaluation. We developed a case study to illustrate our proposal with 12 different open‐source brokers, validating the feasibility of our methodological approach.

#### BibTeX

@article{doi:10.1002/nem.2115,
author = {Bertrand-Martinez, Eddas and Dias Feio, Phelipe and Brito Nascimento, Vagner de and Kon, Fabio and Abel\'em, Ant\^onio},
title = {Classification and evaluation of {IoT} brokers: A methodology},
journal = {International Journal of Network Management},
pages = {e2115},
doi = {10.1002/nem.2115},
year = {2020},
}

Alexandre Aragão, Lucas Machado, Nathyane Moreno, Davi Viana, Francisco Silva, Tércio Sousa, Luis Rivero, Ariel Teles, Arlindo F. da Conceição, and Inaldo Costa. Improving a smart city application through evaluation of Quality Metrics and Usability (in Portuguese). iSys - Brazilian Journal of Information Systems, v. 13, n. 3, p. 55-81, June., 2020.

#### Abstract

Several software applications have been changing people’s lifestyles in technological and social aspects. Applications in the context of Smart Cities (SCs) may contain characteristics that are not normally evaluated in traditional applications, since they may involve aspects related to sensor networks, management of large amounts of data and applications that have specific behaviors according to the context of use. This paper presents a study on the evaluation of three software quality characteristics considered relevant for SCs: context, calmness and Mobility. Within the context of the study, two tests were performed to evaluate an application for SCs. Additionally, an heuristic evaluation was carried out, aiming to verify the usability of the application and the impacts of this type of evaluation in applications for SCs. We identified that both the evaluated characteristics and the heuristics are adequate for the evaluation of applications for ICs, but that their results may be influenced by aspects of development and characteristics of the context of use.

#### BibTeX

@article{iSys2020Alexandre,
author={Arag\~ao, Alexandre and Machado, Lucas and Moreno, Nathyane and Viana, Davi and Silva, Francisco and Sousa, T\'ercio and Rivero, Luis and Teles, Ariel and Concei\c{c}\~ao, Arlindo and Costa, Inaldo},
title={Improving a smart city application through evaluation of Quality Metrics and Usability},
volume={13},
year={2020},
month=jun,
number={3},
pages={55--81},
journal={iSys -- Brazilian Journal of Information Systems},
url={https://sol.sbc.org.br/journals/index.php/isys/article/view/795},
DOI={10.5753/isys.2020.795},
}

Sheriton R. Valim, Felipe Nogueira, Flávia Pisani and Markus Endler. Middleware Support for Generic and Flexible Actuation in the Internet of Mobile Things. IEEE 6th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT 2020), 2020.

#### Abstract

The ability to control actuators of smart objects is a central requirement of many IoT applications such as Smart Buildings, Smart Cities, and Precision Agriculture. Still, in most current IoT systems, actuation control is hard-wired and device-specific, making it impossible to deal with a dynamic and variable set of smart (and mobile) devices that have also intermittent wireless connectivity with the Internet. These are typical problems of Internet of Mobile Things (IoMT) settings, where smart objects (e.g., medical equipment, robots, UAVs, and vehicles) are not stationary. Thus, this paper describes the design, implementation and performance tests of a middleware-level service that enables generic actuation control for a heterogeneous and dynamic set of actionable smart and movable devices.

#### Note

Received an Outstanding Student Paper Award

#### BibTeX

@INPROCEEDINGS{Valim2020-Middleware,
author={S. R. Valim and F. Nogueira and F. Pisani and M. Endler},
booktitle={2020 {IEEE} 6th World Forum on Internet of Things {(WF-IoT)}},
title={Middleware Support for Generic and Flexible Actuation in the Internet of Mobile Things},
year={2020},
month=oct,
publisher={IEEE},
doi={10.1109/WF-IoT48130.2020.9221035},
}

Davor Ljubenkov, Fabio Kon, and Carlo Ratti. Optimizing Bike Sharing System Flows Using Graph Mining, Convolutional and Recurrent Neural Networks. 2020 IEEE European Technology and Engineering Management Summit (E-TEMS), 2020.

#### Abstract

A Bicycle-sharing system (BSS) is a popular service scheme deployed in cities of different sizes around the world. Efficiently keeping bicycle-sharing system as balanced as possible is the main problem and thus, predicting or minimizing the manual transportation of bikes across the city is the prime objective in order to save logistic costs for operating companies. The purpose of this paper is two-fold: Identification of spatial structures and their structural change using Convolutional neural network (CNN) that takes adjacency matrix snapshots of unbalanced sub-graphs, and the Long short-term memory artificial recurrent neural network (RNN LSTM) in order to find and predict its dynamic patterns. As a result, we are predicting bike flows for each node in the possible future subgraph configuration, which in turn informs bicycle-sharing system owners to plan accordingly. Benefits are identified both for urban city planning and for bike-sharing companies by saving time and minimizing their cost.

#### BibTeX

@INPROCEEDINGS{9111707,
author={D. {Ljubenkov} and F. {Kon} and C. {Ratti}},
booktitle={2020 {IEEE} European Technology and Engineering Management Summit {E-TEMS}},
title={Optimizing Bike Sharing System Flows Using Graph Mining, Convolutional and Recurrent Neural Networks},
year={2020},
month=jun,
publisher={IEEE},
pages={1-6},
doi={10.1109/E-TEMS46250.2020.9111707},
}

Gabriel da Silva, Dyego Oliveira, Rafael L. Gomes, Luiz F. Bittencourt, and Edmundo R. M. Madeira. Reliable Network Slices based on Elastic Network Resource Demand. NOMS 2020 - 2020 IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium, 2020.

#### Abstract

Internet access is crucial to the human society as a platform for several services to the users. Despite this importance, the Internet suffers limitations that compromise Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees. Thus, Internet Service Providers (ISPs) need to evolve, adding new technologies and management strategies to their infrastructure. A promising approach is the slicing of network resources among clients and delivered services, where reliability and elastic resource demand through the day are key issues. Within this context, this paper presents an algorithm called Reliable Reuse Encourage (R-REENC), which defines network slices based on bandwidth requirements and the desired reliability for the clients. The results suggest that the proposed algorithm allocates more suitable slices than other existing approaches.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{silvaSlices2020,
author = {Gabriel da Silva and Dyego Oliveira and Rafael L. Gomes and Luiz F. Bittencourt and Edmundo R. M. Madeira},
title = {Reliable Network Slices based on Elastic Network Resource Demand},
booktitle = {IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium (NOMS)},
year = {2020},
month= jun,
DOI= {10.1109/NOMS47738.2020.9110316}
}

Melissa Wen, Leonardo Alexandre Ferreira Leite, Fabio Kon, and Paulo Meirelles. Understanding FLOSS Through Community Publications: Strategies for Grey Literature Review. ICSE-NIER '20: Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE 42nd International Conference on Software Engineering: New Ideas and Emerging Results, 2020.

#### Abstract

Over the last decades, the Free/Libre/Open Source Software (FLOSS) phenomenon has been a topic of study and a source of real-life artifacts for software engineering research. A FLOSS project usually has a community around its project, organically producing informative resources to describe how, when, and why a particular change occurred in the source code or the development flow. Therefore, when studying this kind of project, collecting and analyzing texts and artifacts can promote a more comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon and the variety of organizational settings. However, despite the importance of examining Grey Literature (GL), such as technical reports, white papers, magazines, and blog posts for studying FLOSS projects, the GL Review is still an emerging technique in software engineering studies, lacking a well-established investigative methodology. To mitigate this gap, we present and discuss challenges and adaptations for the planning and execution of GL reviews in the FLOSS scenario. We provide a set of guidelines and lessons learned for further research, using, as an example, a review we are conducting on the Linux kernel development model.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{10.1145/3377816.3381729,
author = {Melissa Wen and Leonardo Alexandre Ferreira Leite and Fabio Kon and Paulo Meirelles},
title = {Understanding {FLOSS} through community publications: Strategies for Grey Literature Review},
year = {2020},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
doi = {10.1145/3377816.3381729},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 42nd International Conference on Software Engineering: New Ideas and Emerging Results},
address = {Seoul, Republic of Korea},
series = {ICSE-NIER'20},
}

Lucas A. M. Silva, Marcos A. M. Vieira, Dorgival Guedes and Ronaldo A. Ferreira. Software-Defined Networking with Services Oriented by Domain Names. Telecommunication Systems, Vol. 74, pages 67-82, 2020.

#### Abstract

Software-defined networking (SDN) has provided a new paradigm for network management by allowing a central controller to program the underlying switches directly. However, OpenFlow, the de facto standard API for communicating with the switches, has limited visibility into the network headers, hindering innovations in the data plane and overloading the controller when a more sophisticated network application is needed. In this work, we leverage existing capabilities of modern switches to increase the abstraction power of OpenFlow and enrich the functionalities performed on the data plane of a network. We present an architecture that extends OpenFlow to support matching rules with domain names and provides data-plane operations that are only supported by the controller in existing approaches. Our architecture provides a better abstraction for programming the network and enables more concise policy specifications by requiring fewer rules in the switch flow table. To realize our architecture, we developed a prototype of a switch and a controller to handle the domain name extensions. We presented an application use case for blocking unwanted traffic required for Telecom companies. Our experimental results show that our solution reduces latency, number of rules in the switch, and number of packets sent to the controller. We also show that the new abstraction we provide can significantly reduce the code size of a network application.

#### BibTeX

@article{Silva2020-SoftwareDefined,
author = {Lucas A. M. Silva and Marcos A. M. Vieira and Dorgival Guedes and Ronaldo A. Ferreira},
title = {Software-Defined Networking with Services Oriented by Domain Names},
journal = {Telecommunication Systems},
year = {2020},
month=may,
volume = {74},
publisher = {Elsevier},
pages = {67--82},
DOI={10.1007/s11235-019-00635-y}
}

Carlo Puliafito, Diogo Gonçalves, Márcio Lopes, Leonardo Martins, Edmundo Madeira, Enzo Mingozzi, Omer Rana and Luiz Bittencourt. MobFogSim: Simulation of mobility and migration for fog computing. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, Volume 101 - May, 102062, 2020.

#### Abstract

Fog computing is an extension of the cloud towards the network edge that brings resources and services of computing in closer proximity to end users. This proximity provides several benefits such as reduced latency that improves user experience. However, user mobility may limit such benefits in practice, as the distance to a fog service may vary as a user moves from one location to another. Migration of a fog service may be one possible mitigation strategy, enabling the service to always be close enough to a user. Although many simulators exist for evaluating application behaviour and performance within a fog computing environment, none allows evaluation of service migration solutions to support mobility. MobFogSim is presented in this work to overcome this limitation. It extends iFogSim to enable modelling of device mobility and service migration in fog computing. MobFogSim is validated by comparing simulation results with those obtained from a real testbed where fog services are implemented as containers. Additional experiments are carried out in MobFogSim taking account of various mobility patterns of a user, derived from Luxembourg SUMO Traffic (LuST). We use an experiment-based approach to study the impact of user mobility on container migration in fog computing.

#### BibTeX

@article{puliafito2020mobfogsim,
title={{MobFogSim}: Simulation of mobility and migration for fog computing},
author={Puliafito, Carlo and Gon{\c{c}}alves, Diogo M. and Lopes, M{\'a}rcio M. and Martins, Leonardo L. and Madeira, Edmundo and Mingozzi, Enzo and Rana, Omer and Bittencourt, Luiz F.},
journal={Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory},
volume={101},
pages={102062},
year={2020},
month=may,
publisher={Elsevier},
doi={10.1016/j.simpat.2019.102062},
}

Alexandre Meslin, Noemi Rodriguez, and Markus Endler. Scalable Mobile Sensing for Smart Cities: The MUSANet Experience. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2020.

#### Abstract

In this paper, we present and analyze MUSANet, a hierarchical, distributed, context-aware architecture for collecting, processing, and distributing data in smart cities. We discuss some use case examples related to monitoring and predicting bus arrivals in public transportation and weather conditions. We also present performance results in different scenarios that point to the feasibility of our goal: a scalable architecture with a fast response time to traffic events. MUSANet is based on a three-tier architecture distributed over cloud, fog, and edge, and supporting complex event processing (CEP) in all of them. Although the system is under development using the InterSCity platform in the cloud, the ContextNet middleware at the fog, and the Mobile-Hub platform at the edge, the MUSANet architecture can be deployed using other platforms, maintaining the concept of tiering responsibilities to minimize network bandwidth and delay, group communication, and broad mobile support.

#### BibTeX

@article{meslin2020scalable,
title={Scalable Mobile Sensing for Smart Cities: The {MUSANet} Experience},
author={Meslin, Alexandre and Rodriguez, Noemi and Endler, Markus},
journal={IEEE Internet of Things Journal},
year={2020},
publisher={IEEE},
month = feb,
url = {ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9018282},
doi = {10.1109/JIOT.2020.2977298},
}

Rodrigo Tinini, Matias Santos, Gustavo Figueiredo, and Daniel Batista. 5GPy: A SimPy-based Simulator for Performance Evaluations in 5G Hybrid Cloud-Fog RAN Architectures. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, Volume 101, 2020.

#### Abstract

The joint cooperation of cloud and fog computing emerges as a new architectural pattern for future 5G networks in order to cope with the increasingly number of mobile elements presented in such networks. Through the use of the cloud, power efficiency can be achieved through centralization of processing. On the other hand, the use of fog processing nodes increases power consumption but helps to decrease the latency of delay-sensitive applications and to increase the coverage of the network. As the use of cloud and fog presents conflicting characteristics, it is important to accurately study their behaviour in order to define the best way to use such a hybrid architecture. In this work we present a three-fold contribution to the study of joint cloud and fog computing architectures. First, we present a hybrid architecture called Cloud-Fog RAN (CF-RAN) that focus on dynamic activation and deactivation of both network and processing resources in order to maintain a balanced operation between the cloud and the fog. Second, we present a performance evaluation model used to analyse the performance of different metrics of CF-RAN. Third, as it is very difficult and costly to build cloud and fog real scenarios, we introduce 5GPy, a SimPy event-driven simulator, publicly available, used to perform small and large scale simulations on architectures such as CF-RAN. We present the architectural details of 5GPy and, by using Integer Linear Program (ILP) and graph-based heuristics to allocate resources in 5G networks, we performed simulations of CF-RAN operation in a small network and in a large network based on a Brazilian city. The results show interesting aspects and trade-offs between cloud and fog computing that were possible to be found with the proposed performance evaluation model and with the 5GPy simulator.

#### BibTeX

@article{TININI2020102030,
title = {{5GPy}: A {SimPy}-Based Simulator for Performance Evaluations in {5G} Hybrid Cloud-Fog {RAN} Architectures},
journal = {Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory},
volume = {101},
year = {2020},
note = {Modeling and Simulation of Fog Computing},
issn = {1569-190X},
doi = {10.1016/j.simpat.2019.102030},
url = {www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1569190X19301613},
author = {Rodrigo Izidoro Tinini and Matias Rom\'ario Pinheiro dos Santos and Gustavo Bittencourt Figueiredo and Daniel Mac\^edo Batista}
}

Ivan Zyrianoff, Alexandre Heideker, Dener Silva, João Kleinschmidt, Juha-Pekka Soininen, Tullio Salmon Cinotti and Carlos Kamienski. Architecting and Deploying IoT Smart Applications: A Performance–Oriented Approach. Sensors 20(1), 84, 2020.

#### Abstract

Layered internet of things (IoT) architectures have been proposed over the last years as they facilitate understanding the roles of different networking, hardware, and software components of smart applications. These are inherently distributed, spanning from devices installed in the field up to a cloud datacenter and further to a user smartphone, passing by intermediary stages at different levels of fog computing infrastructure. However, IoT architectures provide almost no hints on where components should be deployed. IoT Software Platforms derived from the layered architectures are expected to adapt to scenarios with different characteristics, requirements, and constraints from stakeholders and applications. In such a complex environment, a one-size-fits-all approach does not adapt well to varying demands and may hinder the adoption of IoT Smart Applications. In this paper, we propose a 5-layer IoT Architecture and a 5-stage IoT Computing Continuum, as well as provide insights on the mapping of software components of the former into physical locations of the latter. Also, we conduct a performance analysis study with six configurations where components are deployed into different stages. Our results show that different deployment configurations of layered components into staged locations generate bottlenecks that affect system performance and scalability. Based on that, policies for static deployment and dynamic migration of layered components into staged locations can be identified.

#### BibTeX

@article{zyrianoff2020architecting,
title={Architecting and Deploying {IoT} Smart Applications: A Performance-Oriented Approach},
author={Zyrianoff, Ivan and Heideker, Alexandre and Silva, Dener and Kleinschmidt, Jo\~ao and Soininen, Juha-Pekka and Salmon Cinotti, Tullio and Kamienski, Carlos},
journal={Sensors},
volume={20},
number={1},
pages={84},
year={2020},
publisher={Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},
doi = {10.3390/s20010084},
}

Melissa Wen, Rodrigo Siqueira, Nelson Lago, Diego Camarinha, Antonio Terceiro, Fabio Kon and Paulo Meirelles. Leading successful government-academia collaborations using FLOSS and agile values. Journal of Systems and Software, 164, 2020.

#### Abstract

Government and academia share concerns for efficiently and effectively servicing societal demands, which includes the development of e-government software. Government-academia partnerships can be a valuable approach for improving productivity in achieving these goals. However, governmental and academic institutions tend to have very different agendas and organizational and managerial structures, which can hinder the success of such collaborative projects. In order to identify effective approaches to overcome collaboration barriers, we systematically studied the case of the Brazilian Public Software portal project, a 30-month government-academia collaboration that, using Free/Libre/Open Source Software practices and agile methods for project management, developed an unprecedented platform in the context of the Brazilian government. We gathered information from experience reports and data collection from repositories and interviews to derive a collection of practices that contributed to the success of the collaboration. In this paper, we describe how the data analysis led to the identification of a set of three high-level decisions supported by the adoption of nine best practices that improved the project performance and enabled professional training of the whole team.

#### Note

Extended version of an OSS Conference paper that received the Best Paper award

#### BibTeX

@article{WEN2020110548,
journal = {{Journal of Systems and Software}},
volume = {164},
year = {2020},
issn = {0164-1212},
doi = {10.1016/j.jss.2020.110548},
author = {Melissa Wen and Rodrigo Siqueira and Nelson Lago and Diego Camarinha and Antonio Terceiro and Fabio Kon and Paulo Meirelles},
}

Ademar Akabane, Roger Immich, Luiz Bittencourt, Edmundo Madeira, and Leandro Villas. Towards a Distributed and Infrastructure-less Vehicular Traffic Management System. Computer Communications, Volume 151, 2020.

#### Abstract

In the past few years, several systems have been proposed to deal with issues related to the vehicular traffic management. Usually, their solutions include the integration of computational technologies such as vehicular networks, central servers, and roadside units. Most systems use a hybrid approach, which means they still need a central entity (central server or roadside unit) and Internet connection to find out an en-route event as well as alternative routes for vehicles. It is easy to understand the need for a central entity because selecting the most appropriate vehicle to perform aforementioned procedures is a difficult task. This is especially true in a highly dynamic network. In addition to that, as far as we know, there are very few systems that apply the altruistic approach (not selfish behavior) to routing decisions. Because of that, the issue addressed in this work is how to perform the vehicular traffic management, when an en-route event is detected, in a distributed, scalable, and cost-effective fashion. To deal with these issues, we proposed a distributed vehicle traffic management system, named as dEASY (distributed vEhicle trAffic management SYstem). The dEASY system was designed and implemented on a three-layer architecture, namely environment sensing and vehicle ranking, knowledge generation and distribution, and knowledge consumption. Each layer of the dEASY architecture is responsible for dealing with the main issues that were not addressed in related works or could be improved. The three-layer architecture is arranged as follows: the first layer deals with the task of selecting the most appropriate vehicle to perform data forwarding and/or knowledge generation, the second one addresses the knowledge generation and distribution, and the third layer applies an altruistic approach to choose an alternative route. Simulation results have shown that, compared with other systems from the literature, our proposed system has lower network overhead due to applied vehicle selection and broadcast suppression mechanisms. On average, dEASY also outperformed all other competitors in what regards to the travel time and time lost metrics. Through the analysis of results, it is possible to conclude that our infrastructure-less system is scalable and cost-effective.

#### BibTeX

@article{akabane2020towards,
title={Towards a distributed and infrastructure-less vehicular traffic management system},
author={Akabane, Ademar T and Immich, Roger and Bittencourt, Luiz F and Madeira, Edmundo RM and Villas, Leandro A},
journal={Computer Communications},
volume={151},
pages={306--319},
year={2020},
publisher={Elsevier},
doi={10.1016/j.comcom.2020.01.002},
}

#### 2019

João Vitor Torres, Igor Drummond Alvarenga, Raouf Boutaba and Otto Carlos Muniz Bandeira Duarte. Evaluating CRoS-NDN: a comparative performance analysis of a controller-based routing scheme for named-data networking. Journal of Internet Services and Applications, november, 2019.

#### Abstract

The huge amount of content names available in Named-Data Networking (NDN) challenges both the required routing table size and the techniques for locating and forwarding information. Content copies and content mobility exacerbate the scalability challenge to reach content in the new locations. We present and analyze the performance of a proposed Controller-based Routing Scheme, named CRoS-NDN, which preserves NDN features using the same interest and data packets. CRoS-NDN supports content mobility and provides fast content recovery from copies that do not belong to the consumer-producer path because it splits identity from location without incurring FIB size explosion or supposing prefix aggregation. It provides features similar to Content Distribution Networks (CDN) in NDN, and improves the routing efficiency. We compare our proposal with similar routing protocols and derive analytical expressions for lower-bound efficiency and upper-bound latency. We also conduct extensive simulations to evaluate results in data delivery efficiency and delay. The results show the robust behavior of the proposed scheme achieving the best efficiency and delay performance for a wide range of scenarios. Furthermore, CRoS-NDN results in low use of processing time and memory for a growing number of prefixes.

#### BibTeX

@article{crosndn:2019,
author = "Jo\~ao Vitor Torres and Igor Drummond Alvarenga and Raouf Boutaba and Otto Carlos Muniz Bandeira Duarte",
title = "Evaluating {CRoS-NDN}: a comparative performance analysis of a controller-based routing scheme for named-data networking",
journal = "Journal of Internet Services and Applications",
doi = {10.1186/s13174-019-0119-6},
year = 2019,
month = 11,
volume = 10,
number = 20,
publisher = "{SpringerOpen}",
}

Leonardo Leite, Carla Rocha, Fabio Kon, Dejan Milojicic and Paulo Meirelles. A Survey of DevOps Concepts and Challenges. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), Volume 52 Issue 6, 2019.

#### Abstract

DevOps is a collaborative and multidisciplinary organizational effort to automate continuous delivery of new software updates while guaranteeing their correctness and reliability. The present survey investigates and discusses DevOps challenges from the perspective of engineers, managers, and researchers. We review the literature and develop a DevOps conceptual map, correlating the DevOps automation tools with these concepts. We then discuss their practical implications for engineers, managers, and researchers. Finally, we critically explore some of the most relevant DevOps challenges reported by the literature.

#### BibTeX

@article{devopsACM:2019,
author = "Leonardo Leite and Carla Rocha and Fabio Kon and Dejan Milojicic and Paulo Meirelles",
title = "A Survey of {DevOps} Concepts and Challenges",
journal = "{ACM} Computing Surveys",
pages = {35},
doi = {10.1145/3359981},
year = {2019},
month = nov,
volume = {52},
number = {6},
publisher = {ACM},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
keywords = {DevOps, and build process, configuration management, continuous (delivery, deployment, integration), release process, versioning},
issn = {0360-0300},
}

Anderson Mendrot Filho and Denise Stringhini. Wireless sensor networks for monitoring and detection of land slides: a systematic review (in Portuguese). Atas das conferências ibero-americanas www/internet e computação aplicada, 2019.

#### Abstract

Deslizamentos de terra são um dos principais tipos de desastres naturais e causam danos ambientais e sociais à população em torno de áreas de risco. Uma maneira de evitar esses danos é pelo monitoramento desses eventos. Atualmente, existe uma tendência no estudo do uso de redes de sensores sem fio de baixo custo para detectar mudanças no ambiente que possam levar a desastres. O artigo apresenta uma revisão sistemática de identificação e síntese da literatura relevante na área de redes de sensores sem fio para monitoramento e detecção de deslizamentos de terra. Com a revisão sistemática, é fornecida uma visão geral e discussão sobre o estado da arte. Finalmente, são apresentadas dificuldades e desafios relacionados às implementações de campo de redes de sensores sem fio para o problema. Os resultados demonstram que o uso dessas redes para a detecção de deslizamentos de terra é viável, mas ainda é uma área que exige muito esforço em trabalhos futuros.

#### Note

Video of the presentation: https://ciaca-conf.org/pt/apresentacoes-virtuais/

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{filho_stringhini_2019,
title={Redes de sensores sem fio para monitoramento e detec\c{c}\~ao de deslizamentos de terra: uma revis\~ao sistem\'atica},
volume={5},
booktitle={Atas das Confer\^encias Ibero-Americanas WWW/Internet 2019 e Computa\c{c}\~ao Aplicada 2019},
author={Filho, Anderson Mendrot and Stringhini, Denise},
year={2019},
month=dec,
pages={309–313},
editor = {Paula Miranda and Cristiano Costa and Pedro Isa\'ias and Fl\'avia Maria Santoro},
}

Davi Viana, Thatiane de Oliveira Rosa, Francisco Silva, Pablo Durans, Fabio Kon, and Alfredo Goldman. Software Engineering Practices in the development of applications for Smart Cities: An Experience Report of Teaching in a Contemporary Context. XXXIII Brazilian Symposium on Software Engineering (SBES 2019), 2019.

#### Abstract

The heterogeneity of contemporary systems has turned the Software Engineering (SE) area even more challenging, since it is necessary to identify practices that are more adequate according to the technologies and context. Thus, practitioners need to be better prepared for these new systems. The area of Smart Cities (SC) is emerging and presents new challenges in conceptual, technical and academical degrees. This paper presents an experience report of SE practices in the development of SC applications. Five teams used the SC platform and developed their projects, creating software documentation, while applying agile practices. As a result, we identified that some UML diagrams were not adequate to model specific SC’s aspects and microservices. Furthermore, we identified that there was a low application of the proposed agile practices, such as pair programming and daily meetings. Despite being the first time this class was taught, we identified gaps that need to be investigated in order to identify which SE practices are more adequate for such context.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{10.1145/3350768.3351801,
author = {Viana, Davi and de Oliveira Rosa, Thatiane and Silva, Francisco and Durans, Pablo and Arag\~{a}o, Alexandre and Kon, Fabio and Goldman, Alfredo},
title = {Software Engineering Practices in the Development of Applications for Smart Cities: An Experience Report of Teaching in a Contemporary Context},
year = {2019},
isbn = {9781450376518},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
doi = {10.1145/3350768.3351801},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the XXXIII Brazilian Symposium on Software Engineering},
pages = {150–154},
numpages = {5},
keywords = {Smart Cities, Software Engineering, Teaching},
series = {SBES 2019},
}

Leonardo Aguilar and Daniel Batista. Effectiveness of Implementing Load Balancing via SDN. II Workshop de Trabalhos de Iniciação Científica e Graduação (WTG) do SBRC, 2019.

#### Abstract

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is an architecture that allows the creation, management and customization of the network through programmable switches and centralized controllers via a well-defined protocol. Despite the wide dissemination of general advantages in using SDN, it is always important to evaluate the real advantages considering specific network applications. In line with this, the purpose of this work is to analyze the effectiveness of using SDN for load balancing by developing a balancer, made available as free software, that can execute three different algorithms, giving to the administrator the possibility to choose, at run time, which will be used as well as their configurations, and the possibility to implement new algorithms.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{aguilar2019,
author = {Leonardo Aguilar and Daniel Batista},
title = {Effectiveness of Implementing Load Balancing via {SDN}},
booktitle = {Anais Estendidos do XXXVII Simp\'osio Brasileiro de Redes de Computadores e Sistemas Distribu\'idos -- II Workshop de Trabalhos de Inicia\c{c}\~ao Cient\'ifica e Gradua\c{c}\~ao (WTG)},
year = {2019},
issn = {2177-9384},
pages = {249--256},
publisher = {SBC},
doi = {10.5753/sbrc_estendido.2019.7796},
}

Michel Barbeau, Joaquin Garcia-Alfaro, Evangelos Kranakis and Fillipe Santos. Quality Amplification of Error Prone Navigation for Swarms of Micro Aerial Vehicles. GLOBECOM Workshops, 2019.

#### Abstract

We present an error tolerant path planning algorithm for Micro Aerial Vehicle (MAV) swarms. It is GPS-free. The MAVs find their way using cameras to identify a series of visual landmarks. The landmarks lead towards the destination. MAVs are unaware of the terrain and landmark locations. Landmarks hold a-priori information whose interpretation is prone to errors. We distinguish two types of errors: recognition and advice. Recognition errors are due to misinterpretation of sensed data or a-priori information, or confusion of objects. Advice errors are due to outdated or wrong information associated to the landmarks. The MAVs cooperate and exchange information wirelessly, to minimize the errors. Consequently, the swarm experiences data quality amplification and error reduction. Quality amplification is related to the number of MAVs. The solution effectively achieves an adaptive error tolerant navigation system.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{9024394,
author={M. {Barbeau} and J. {Garcia-Alfaro} and E. {Kranakis} and F. {Santos}},
booktitle={2019 {IEEE} Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps)},
title={Quality Amplification of Error Prone Navigation for Swarms of Micro Aerial Vehicles},
year={2019},
pages={1-6},
doi = {10.1109/GCWkshps45667.2019.9024394},
}

Christian Bongiorno, Daniele Santucci, Fabio Kon, Paolo Santi, and Carlo Ratti. Comparing bicycling and pedestrian mobility: Patterns of non-motorized human mobility in Greater Boston. Journal of Transport Geography, Volume 80, October, 2019.

#### Abstract

During the past 100 years, many large cities around the world prioritized individual transportation in cars over more sustainable and healthier modes of transportation. As a result, traffic jams, air pollution, and fatal accidents are a daily reality in most metropolis, in both developed and developing countries. On the other hand, walking and bicycling are effective means of transportation for short to medium distances that offer advantages to both the city environment and the health of its citizens. While there is a large body of research in modeling and analysis of urban mobility based on motorized vehicles, there is much less research focusing on non-motorized vehicles, and almost no research on comparing pedestrian and cyclist behavior. In this paper, we present a detailed quantitative analysis of two datasets, for the same period and location, covering pedestrian and bike sharing mobility. We contrast the mobility patterns in the two modes and discuss their implications. We show how pedestrian and bike mobility are affected by temperature, precipitation and time of day. We also analyze the spatial distribution of non-motorized trips in Greater Boston and characterize the associated network of mobility flows with respect to multiple metrics. This work contributes to a better understanding of the characteristics of non-motorized urban mobility with respect to distance, duration, time of day, spatial distribution, as well as sensitivity to the weather.

#### Note

Collaboration between MIT Senseable City Lab and USP

#### BibTeX

@article{Bongiorno2019,
title = {Comparing bicycling and pedestrian mobility: Patterns of non-motorized human mobility in Greater Boston},
author = {Bongiorno, Christian and Santucci, Daniele and Kon, Fabio and Santi, Paolo and Ratti, Carlo},
journal = {Journal of Transport Geography},
volume = {80},
year = {2019},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102501},
}

Matias Santos, Rodrigo Tinini, Gustavo Figueiredo and Daniel Batista. Data Analysis and Energy Consumption Prediction in a Cloud-Fog RAN Environment. IEEE Latin-American Conference on Communications (LATINCOM 2019), 2019.

#### Abstract

The extraction of information from data collected in a myriad of environments provides unprecedented opportunities for a big range of actions such as decision making and better resource management. Benefits from its processes are relatively large for many network domains such as protocol design, hybrid architectures redesign, and resource management and optimization. Time series or historical data series can be used in several ways, like pattern analysis and prediction support, making it an important support tool for managers to develop goals and objectives focused on their business. The goal of this paper is to discuss the potential of data analysis in hybrid Cloud- Fog Radio Access Networks (CF-RAN) scenarios and present results of applications of the data in the process of prediction energy consumption. In particular, we analysed the knowledge data extraction of some metrics with a strong relationship with energy consumption and we perform a prediction by applying a deep learning algorithm using the previous four hour period to predict the next hour.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{tininiLC2019,
author = {Santos, Matias R. P. and Tinini, Rodrigo I. and Figueiredo, Gustavo B. and Batista, Daniel M.},
title = {Data Analysis and Energy Consumption Prediction in a Cloud-Fog {RAN} Environment},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IEEE} Latin-American Conference on Communications ({LATINCOM} 2019)},
year = {2019},
doi = {10.1109/LATINCOM48065.2019.8937949},
}

Rodrigo Tinini, Gustavo Figueiredo and Daniel Batista. A Batch Scheduling Algorithm for VPON Reconfiguration and BBU Migration in Hybrid Cloud-Fog RAN. 18th IEEE International Symposium on Network Computing and Applications (NCA 2019), 2019.

#### Abstract

Hybrid Cloud-Fog Radio Access Network (CF-RAN) is a recent network architecture proposed to increase network coverage from CRAN while leveraging power consumption in future 5G networks. In CF-RAN, the processing of baseband signals from Remote Radio-Heads (RRHs) can be performed in virtualized BaseBand Units (vBBUs) located in the cloud or in fog nodes that are instantiated in function of the network demand. Through a Time-and-Wavelength Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Network (TWDM-PON), virtualized PONs (VPONs) can be dynamically created to support transmissions from RRHs to vBBUs. However, due to traffic fluctuations, the amount of necessary vBBUs and VPONs may change along a day. In this paper, we propose a batch scheduling algorithm based on Integer Linear Programming (ILP) to perform reconfiguration of VPONs and migration of vBBUs among processing nodes in function of fluctuation on traffic demands. Our results show that, in comparison to an incremental algorithm without reconfiguration of VPONs and vBBUs migration capacities, our algorithm reduces power consumption and bandwidth wastage by up to 28% and 57%, respectively, and also eliminates blocking probability.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{tininiNCA2019,
author = {Tinini, Rodrigo I. and Figueiredo, Gustavo B. and Batista, Daniel M.},
title = {A Batch Scheduling Algorithm for {VPON} Reconfiguration and {BBU} Migration in Hybrid Cloud-Fog {RAN}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 18th {IEEE} International Symposium on Network Computing and Applications ({NCA} 2019)},
year = {2019},
doi = {10.1109/NCA.2019.8935022},
}

Rodrigo Tinini, Daniel Batista, Gustavo Figueiredo, Massimo Tornatore and Biswanath Mukherjee. Energy-Efficient BaseBand Processing via vBBU Migration in Virtualized Cloud-Fog RAN. IEEE Global Communications Conference (IEEE GLOBECOM), 2019.

#### Abstract

Cloud-Fog Radio Access Networks (CF-RAN) were proposed as an alternative network architecture to alleviate the high fronthaul capacity requested in traditional Cloud RAN (CRAN) by moving some BaseBand Units (BBUs) from the cloud nodes to fog nodes closer to users. However, when BBU processing is moved into fog nodes, OPEX and CAPEX will increase, and the cost and energy savings introduced by CRAN will also reduce. Moreover, mobile traffic fluctuations may lead to an unbalanced resource utilization and energy-inefficient operation in fog nodes. To address this problem, processing functions in fog nodes could be activated and deactivated in function of network traffic and BBUs placed on fog nodes could be migrated to cloud nodes when network traffic is low. In this paper, we propose an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) formulation to address this dynamic resource allocation problem. By means of Network Functions Virtualization (NFV), virtualized BBUs (vBBUs) can be dynamically allocated and deallocated in fog nodes. Furthermore, considering the availability of cloud nodes and the optical fronthaul, vBBUs can be migrated from fog nodes to cloud nodes in order to balance processing loads and save energy. Compared to a baseline incremental algorithm without vBBU migration, our proposal reduces blocking probability in 89% and achieves power savings of 38%, while providing a very small rate of service interruption due to vBBUs migration.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{tininiGC2019,
author = {Tinini, Rodrigo I. and Batista, Daniel M. and Figueiredo, Gustavo B. and Tornatore, Massimo and Mukherjee, Biswanath},
title = {Energy-Efficient BaseBand Processing via {vBBU} Migration in Virtualized Cloud-Fog {RAN}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IEEE} Global Communications Conference 2019 ({IEEE} {GLOBECOM} 2019)},
doi = {10.1109/GLOBECOM38437.2019.9013506},
year = {2019}
}

Thales Bandiera Paiva, Javier Navaridas and Routo Terada. Robust Covert Channels Based on DRAM Power Consumption. International Conference on Information Security, 2019.

#### Abstract

To improve the energy efficiency of computing systems, modern CPUs provide registers that give estimates on the power consumption. However, the ability to read the power consumption introduces one class of security concerns called covert channels, which are communication channels that enable one process to transmit a message to another one in a system where these processes were meant to be isolated. Our contribution consists in the first covert channel in which messages are transmitted by modulating the DRAM power consumption. The channel implementation outperforms similar proposals, achieving 1800 bps with 10% error, and 2400 bps with 15% error, when running on a notebook and on a desktop platforms, respectively, To test its robustness against application interference, we considered the channel’s performance when running concurrently with different benchmarks: MRBench, Terasort and LINPACK. When running on the notebook, the channel is fairly robust, achieving between 300 and 600 bps with around 10% error depending on the workload considered.

#### BibTeX

@InProceedings{10.1007/978-3-030-30215-3_16,
author= {Paiva, Thales Bandiera and Navaridas, Javier and Terada, Routo},
editor={Lin, Zhiqiang and Papamanthou, Charalampos and Polychronakis, Michalis},
title={Robust Covert Channels Based on {DRAM} Power Consumption},
booktitle={International Conference on Information Security},
year={2019},
publisher={Springer International Publishing},
pages={319--338},
isbn={978-3-030-30215-3},
doi={10.1007/978-3-030-30215-3_16},
}

Thales Bandiera Paiva and Routo Terada. A timing attack on the HQC encryption scheme. Selected Areas in Cryptography, 2019.

#### Abstract

The HQC encryption scheme is a promising code-based submission to NIST’s post-quantum cryptography standardization process. The scheme is based on the decisional decoding problem for random quasicyclic codes. One problem of the author’s submission to NIST is that the reference implementation is not constant-time. We use this to present the first timing attack against HQC. The attack is practical, requiring the attacker to record the decryption time of around 400 million ciphertexts for a set of HQC parameters corresponding to 128 bits of security. This makes the use of constant-time decoders mandatory for the scheme to be considered secure.

#### BibTeX

author={Paiva, Thales Bandiera and Terada, Routo},
editor={Paterson, Kenneth G. and Stebila, Douglas},
title={A timing attack on the {HQC} encryption scheme},
booktitle={Selected Areas in Cryptography 2019},
year={2019},
publisher={Springer International Publishing},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-38471-5_22},
}

Luis Sant'Ana, Daniel Cordeiro and Raphael Y. de Camargo. PLB-HAC: Dynamic Load-Balancing for Heterogeneous Accelerator Clusters. 25th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing (EuroPar 2019), Göttingen, Germany, August 26–30, 2019, 2019.

#### Abstract

Efficient usage of Heterogeneous clusters containing combinations of CPUs and accelerators, such as GPUs and Xeon Phi boards requires balancing the computational load among them. Their relative processing speed for each target application is not available in advance and must be computed at runtime. Also, dynamic changes in the environment may cause these processing speeds to change during execution. We propose a Profile-based Load-Balancing algorithm for Heterogeneous Accelerator Clusters (PLB-HAC), which constructs a performance curve model for each resource at runtime and continuously adapt it to changing conditions. It dispatches execution blocks asynchronously, preventing synchronization overheads and other idleness periods due to imbalances. We evaluated the algorithm using data clustering, matrix multiplication, and bioinformatics applications and compared with existing load-balancing algorithms. PLB-HAC obtained the highest performance gains with more heterogeneous clusters and larger problems sizes, where a more refined load-distribution is required.

#### BibTeX

@InProceedings{10.1007/978-3-030-29400-7_15,
author={Sant'Ana, Luis and Cordeiro, Daniel and de Camargo, Raphael Y.},
editor={Yahyapour, Ramin},
title={{PLB-HAC}: Dynamic Load-Balancing for Heterogeneous Accelerator Clusters},
booktitle={{Euro-Par} 2019: Parallel Processing ({LNCS}, volume 11725)},
year={2019},
publisher={Springer International Publishing},
pages={197--209},
isbn={978-3-030-29400-7},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-29400-7_15},
}

Gabriel Leopoldino and Ricardo da Rocha. An architecture for spontaneous and secure communication for mobile IoT in smart cities (in portuguese). XIII Workshop de Trabalhos de Iniciação Científica e de Graduação (WTICG) on XIX Simpósio Brasileiro de Segurança da Informação e de Sistemas Computacionais (SBSeg), 2019.

#### BibTeX

@Conference{Peres:WTICG:2019,
Title = {An architecture for spontaneous and secure communication for mobile {IoT} in smart cities},
Author = {Gabriel Leopoldino and Ricardo da Rocha},
Booktitle = {XIII Workshop de Trabalhos de Inicia\c{c}\~{a}o Cient\'{i}fica e de Gradua\c{c}\~{a}o ({WTICG})},
Year = 2019,
Month = sep,
Note = {(in Portuguese)},
Url = {inf.ufg.br/~ricardo/pub/peres.WTICG.2019.pdf},
}

Ademar T. Akabane, Roger Immich, Edmundo R. M. Madeira and Leandro A. Villas. Applying the Vehicular Social Networks Paradigm to Improve the Urban Mobility Management (in Portuguese). XXXVII Simpósio Brasileiro de Redes de Computadores e Sistemas Distribuídos, 2019.

#### Abstract

The Advanced Traffic Management System (ATMS) has been increasingly used by urban mobility managers to improve vehicular traffic management. Many ATMSs employ centralized solutions because of the difficulty of selecting the most relevant vehicles, in highly dynamic networks, to detect congestion and suggest alternative routes. Furthermore, such solutions are not always scalable. On the other hand, the distributed solution needs to previously segment the entire scenario to select the vehicles. Moreover, such a solution suggests alternative routes, in a selfish fashion, which can lead to secondary congestions. Based on the found open issues, this work proposes a distributed urban mobility management system based on the vehicular social networks paradigm (VSNs) named MAESTRO. The VSNs paradigm emerged from the integration of intelligent wireless communication devices and social networks in the vehicular environment. Two different approaches can be explored in VSNs, i.e., the Social network analysis (SNA) and the Social Network Concepts (SNC). The proposed MAESTRO system adopts a combined use of both SNA and SNC approaches. Simulation results showed that the use of SNA and SNC, in a vehicular environment, has great potential in increasing the scalability of the system and also improving efficiency in the management of urban mobility.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{sbrcAkabane19,
author = {Ademar Akabane and Roger Immich and Edmundo Madeira and Leandro Villas},
title = {Aplicando Redes Sociais Veiculares para Aprimorar o Gerenciamento da Mobilidade Urbana},
booktitle = {Anais do XXXVII Simp\'{o}sio Brasileiro de Redes de Computadores e Sistemas Distribu\'{i}dos},
year = {2019},
issn = {2177-9384},
pages = {1070--1083},
publisher = {{SBC}},
address = {Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil},
doi = {10.5753/sbrc.2019.7423},
url = {https://sol.sbc.org.br/index.php/sbrc/article/view/7423}
}

Ademar Takeo Akabane, Roger Immich, Richard Wenner Pazzi, Edmundo Roberto Mauro Madeira and Leandro Aparecido Villas. Exploiting Vehicular Social Networks and Dynamic Clustering to Enhance Urban Mobility Management. Sensors 2019, 2019.

#### Abstract

Transport authorities are employing advanced traffic management system (ATMS) to improve vehicular traffic management efficiency. ATMS currently uses intelligent traffic lights and sensors distributed along the roads to achieve its goals. Furthermore, there are other promising technologies that can be applied more efficiently in place of the abovementioned ones, such as vehicular networks and 5G. In ATMS, the centralized approach to detect congestion and calculate alternative routes is one of the most adopted because of the difficulty of selecting the most appropriate vehicles in highly dynamic networks. The advantage of this approach is that it takes into consideration the scenario to its full extent at every execution. On the other hand, the distributed solution needs to previously segment the entire scenario to select the vehicles. Additionally, such solutions suggest alternative routes in a selfish fashion, which can lead to secondary congestions. These open issues have inspired the proposal of a distributed system of urban mobility management based on a collaborative approach in vehicular social networks (VSNs), named SOPHIA. The VSN paradigm has emerged from the integration of mobile communication devices and their social relationships in the vehicular environment. Therefore, social network analysis (SNA) and social network concepts (SNC) are two approaches that can be explored in VSNs. Our proposed solution adopts both SNA and SNC approaches for alternative route-planning in a collaborative way. Additionally, we used dynamic clustering to select the most appropriate vehicles in a distributed manner. Simulation results confirmed that the combined use of SNA, SNC, and dynamic clustering, in the vehicular environment, have great potential in increasing system scalability as well as improving urban mobility management efficiency.

#### BibTeX

@Article{s19163558,
AUTHOR = {Akabane, Ademar Takeo and Immich, Roger and Pazzi, Richard Wenner and Madeira, Edmundo Roberto Mauro and Villas, Leandro Aparecido},
TITLE = {Exploiting Vehicular Social Networks and Dynamic Clustering to Enhance Urban Mobility Management},
JOURNAL = {Sensors},
VOLUME = {19},
YEAR = {2019},
NUMBER = {16},
ARTICLE-NUMBER = {3558},
URL = {https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/16/3558},
ISSN = {1424-8220},
ABSTRACT = {Transport authorities are employing advanced traffic management system (ATMS) to improve vehicular traffic management efficiency. ATMS currently uses intelligent traffic lights and sensors distributed along the roads to achieve its goals. Furthermore, there are other promising technologies that can be applied more efficiently in place of the abovementioned ones, such as vehicular networks and 5G. In ATMS, the centralized approach to detect congestion and calculate alternative routes is one of the most adopted because of the difficulty of selecting the most appropriate vehicles in highly dynamic networks. The advantage of this approach is that it takes into consideration the scenario to its full extent at every execution. On the other hand, the distributed solution needs to previously segment the entire scenario to select the vehicles. Additionally, such solutions suggest alternative routes in a selfish fashion, which can lead to secondary congestions. These open issues have inspired the proposal of a distributed system of urban mobility management based on a collaborative approach in vehicular social networks (VSNs), named SOPHIA. The VSN paradigm has emerged from the integration of mobile communication devices and their social relationships in the vehicular environment. Therefore, social network analysis (SNA) and social network concepts (SNC) are two approaches that can be explored in VSNs. Our proposed solution adopts both SNA and SNC approaches for alternative route-planning in a collaborative way. Additionally, we used dynamic clustering to select the most appropriate vehicles in a distributed manner. Simulation results confirmed that the combined use of SNA, SNC, and dynamic clustering, in the vehicular environment, have great potential in increasing system scalability as well as improving urban mobility management efficiency.},
DOI = {10.3390/s19163558}
}

Roger Immich, Leandro Villas, Luiz Bittencourt and Edmundo Madeira. Multi-Tier Edge-to-Cloud Architecture for Adaptive Video Delivery. 7th International Conference on Future Internet of Things and Cloud (FiCloud 2019), 2019.

#### Abstract

In the last few years, there has been a rapid proliferation of a wide range of real-time video services and applications. These technologies flood the wireless systems with video content on a daily basis. As a result of this sharp increase in video traffic, the prospect of errors due to network interference and congestion rises. Incidentally, the adoption of the 5th generation of wireless systems (5G) will allow this growth to be even greater due to its high bandwidth capacity and low latency. However, even with these improvements on the wireless capabilities, a reliable and high-quality video transmission still imposes several challenges, such as how to handle a large number of heterogeneous devices and how to better use the resource-richer Edge, Fog, and Cloud computing sources to meet the user’s requirements. To overcome these issues, this work proposes a multi-tier video delivery architecture relying upon several technologies such as Multi-access Edge computing (MEC), 5G slices, and microservice placement/chaining. Furthermore, to assess the proposed idea an experimental proof-of-concept testbed of the multi-tier architecture was designed, implemented, and evaluated using real-world tools and actual video sequences. The results obtained supported our claim that a multi-tier video delivery system is feasible and can greatly benefit the end-users.

#### BibTeX

@INPROCEEDINGS{Immich2019,
author={Roger Immich and Leandro Villas and Luiz F. Bittencourt and Edmundo Madeira},
booktitle={2019 IEEE 7th International Conference on Future Internet of Things and Cloud (FiCloud)},
title={Multi-Tier Edge-to-Cloud Architecture for Adaptive Video Delivery},
year=2019,
pages={1-8},
keywords={cloud computing},
month=aug,
doi = {10.1109/FiCloud.2019.00012},
}

Davi Morales, Antônio Chaves and Alvaro Fazenda. Parallel Clustering Search Applied to Capacitated Centered Clustering Problem. 2019 IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium Workshops (IPDPSW), 2019.

#### Abstract

The Clustering Search (CS) is a hybrid method that tries to combine metaheuristics and local search heuristics so that the search is intensified only in promising regions of the solution space. In this paper we propose a new parallel method based on the CS, using the Genetic Algorithm as a solutions generator, to solve the Capacitated Centered Clustering Problem (CCCP). The CCCP is to partition a set of n points into p disjoint groups with limited capacity. Each point is associated with a demand value and the objective is to minimize the sum of the Euclidean distances between the points and their respective geometric centers. The parallel CS consists in a master-slave system implemented following a message passing approach in order to parallelize the local search component, which is the most computationally demanding procedure. The computational results show that the parallel CS is an effective strategy in terms of computational time and efficiency.

#### BibTeX

@INPROCEEDINGS{8778391,
author={Davi Melo Morales and Ant\^{o}nio A. Chaves and Alvaro L. Fazenda},
booktitle={2019 IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium Workshops (IPDPSW)},
title={Parallel Clustering Search Applied to Capacitated Centered Clustering Problem},
year=2019,
pages={542-548},
keywords={computational complexity;genetic algorithms;message passing;optimisation;parallel processing;pattern clustering;search problems;Capacitated Centered Clustering Problem;CCCP;parallel CS;local search component;local search heuristics;parallel method;parallel clustering search;metaheuristics;genetic algorithm;message passing;computational time;Distributed processing;Conferences;Clustering, Capacitated Centered Clustering Problem, hybrid metaheuristic, MPI},
doi={10.1109/IPDPSW.2019.00096},
month=may,
}

Andreiwid Correa and Flavio Silva. Laying the foundations for benchmarking open data automatically: a method for surveying data portals from the whole web. 20th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research (dg.o 2019), 2019.

#### Abstract

The widespread of open data portals in the global scenario makes automated methods for data gathering and assessment a landmark in benchmarking. Some practitioners have already introduced automated approaches focused on mainly quality assessment of selected lists of data portals, but little has been studied about how to ensure exercises happen on the widest range of initiatives across the world, even incipient ones. The purpose of this paper is to provide a method for surveying data portals from the whole web, aiming to produce a whitelist of URLs that point to healthy data portals on the internet. The method was tested on 3.3 billion web addresses from which we found 1,339 open data portals worldwide using the main software platforms in the market CKAN, Socrata, OpenDataSoft and ArcGIS Open Data. Findings showed the choice of the whole web approach increased the number of data portals found, besides offering a workaround for redundancy, discoverability and traceability issues of current sparse and manual-based repositories. This work contributes to development of a fully automated method towards building an independent, reliable and up to date repository as a single source of open data portals operated around the world as well as provide insights about dataset estimation and geographic localization, from which benchmarking exercises may benefit to happen on a larger scale, at higher frequency and with lower costs.

#### Note

Shortlisted for the award

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{ShefferCorrea:2019:LFB:3325112.3325257,
author = {Sheffer Correa, Andreiwid and Soares Correa Da Silva, Flavio},
title = {Laying the Foundations for Benchmarking Open Data Automatically: A Method for Surveying Data Portals from the Whole Web},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 20th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research},
series = {dg.o 2019},
year = {2019},
isbn = {978-1-4503-7204-6},
location = {Dubai, United Arab Emirates},
pages = {287--296},
numpages = {10},
url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/3325112.3325257},
doi = {10.1145/3325112.3325257},
acmid = {3325257},
publisher = {ACM},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
keywords = {ArcGIS, CKAN, Common Crawl, Open Data, OpenDataSoft, Socrata},
}

Fernanda Dallaqua, Alvaro Fazenda and Fabio Faria. ForestEyes Project: Can Citizen Scientists Help Rainforests?. 15th International Conference on eScience (eScience), 2019.

#### Abstract

Scientific projects involving volunteers for analyzing, collecting data, and using their computational resources, known as Citizen Science (CS), have become popular due to advances in information and communication technology (ICT). Many CS projects have been proposed to involve citizens in different knowledge domain such as astronomy, chemistry, mathematics, and physics. This work presents a CS project called ForestEyes, which proposes to track deforestation in rainforests by asking volunteers to analyze and classify remote sensing images. These manually classified data are used as input for training a pattern classifier that will be used to label new remote sensing images. ForestEyes project was created on the Zooniverse.org CS platform, and to attest the quality of the volunteers’ answers, were performed early campaigns with remote sensing images from Brazilian Legal Amazon (BLA). The results were processed and compared to an oracle classification (PRODES – Amazon Deforestation Monitoring Project). Two and a half weeks after launch, more than 35,000 answers from 383 volunteers (117 anonymous and 266 registered users) were received, completing all 2050 tasks. The ForestEyes campaigns’ results have shown that volunteers achieved excellent effectiveness results in remote sensing image classification task. Furthermore, these results show that CS might be a powerful tool to quickly obtain a large amount of high-quality labeled data.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{foresteyes2019,
title = {{ForestEyes} Project: Can Citizen Scientists Help Rainforests?},
author = {Dallaqua, Fernanda B.J.R. and Fazenda, Alvaro L. and Faria, Fabio A.},
booktitle = {{IEEE} 15th {International} {Conference} on {eScience}},
doi = {10.1109/eScience.2019.00010},
publisher = {{IEEE}},
month = 9,
year = {2019},
pages = {18--27},
}

Julian J. Arango and Fernando Iazzetta. Silicon sounds (in Portuguese). Exposition catalog - Espaço das Artes, Universidade de São Paulo, April 1 to April 26, 2019., 2019.

#### Abstract

Catalog for the “Sons de Silício” exposition (2019).

#### PDF

Alfredo Goldman and Viviane Almeida Santos. Continuous Improvement of an XP Laboratory Course: An 18 year History. Agile 2019 Conference, 2019.

#### Abstract

Since Agile Methods formalization, software engineering education has also been impacted. Universities had to adapt their courses as a way to suit these new software processes. At the University of São Paulo (USP), in Brazil, a course called XP Laboratory was created in 2001. Although the name refers to eXtreme Programming, the discipline aims at teaching agile methods in practice, considering several elements that are crucial for providing the student with real knowledge and experience with agile methods. We have adopted practices inside and across teams, such as rotation of team members to solve project problems, mini-lectures or lightning talks at lunch, and whole-class retrospectives in fishbowl format, among others. We present our experiences of more than 18 years on teaching agile methods and how we have evolved and improved the course based on student feedback.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{goldXP18,
author = {Alfredo Goldman and Viviane Almeida Santos},
title = {Continuous Improvement of an {XP} Laboratory Course: An 18 year History},
booktitle = {Agile 2019 Conference},
year = {2019},
month=aug,
url={www.agilealliance.org/resources/experience-reports/continuous-improvement-of-an-xp-laboratory-course-an-18-year-history/},
}

L. S. Oshiro and Daniel M. Batista. Preliminary Analysis of the Detection of Obfuscated Attacks with Low Cost Hardware in a Threat Detection System (in Portuguese). II Workshop de Trabalhos de Iniciação Científica e Graduação (WTG) do SBRC, 2019.

#### Abstract

Tráfego de rede transmitido a altas taxas traz como consequência a necessidade de mecanismos de segurança mais eficientes, já que analisar pacote por pacote antes de tomar uma ação torna-se uma tarefa custosa em termos de processamento. Uma forma de resolver esse problema é com o desenvolvimento e implantação de sistemas de detecção de ameaças que utilizem mecanismos de aprendizado de máquina para antecipar os ataques. Este artigo apresenta os resultados preliminares obtidos na tentativa de melhorar um sistema como esse por meio da análise de ataques automatizados que empregam ofuscação e por meio da avaliação de desempenho de uma unidade Raspberry Pi que poderá ser usada como nó de processamento no sistema melhorado.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{oshiro:2019,
author = {Oshiro, Lucas S. and Batista, Daniel M.},
title = {An\'{a}lise Preliminar da Detec\c{c}\~{a}o de Ataques Ofuscados e do Uso de Hardware de Baixo Custo em um Sistema para Detec\c{c}\~{a}o de Ameaças},
booktitle = {Anais do II Workshop de Trabalhos de Inicia\c{c}\~{a}o Cient\'{i}fica e Gradua\c{c}\~{a}o ({WTG}) do {SBRC} 2019},
pages = {11-18},
year = {2019},
doi = {10.5753/sbrc_estendido.2019.7792},
}

R. I. TININI, D. M. BATISTA, GUSTAVO BITTENCOURT FIGUEIREDO, M. TORNATORE, and B. MUKHERJEE. Low-Latency and Energy-Efficient BBU Placement and VPON Formation in Virtualized Cloud-Fog RAN. Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, 2019.

#### Abstract

Cloud radio access networks (CRANs) make it possible to reduce power consumption in future 5G networks by decoupling baseband units (BBUs) from cell sites and centralizing the baseband processing from remote radio-heads (RRHs) in BBU pools in a cloud. Although this centralization can enable power savings, it imposes much higher traffic on the optical transport network used to connect RRHs to the BBU pool, i.e., the fronthaul. In this paper, we propose a hybrid cloud-fog RAN (CF-RAN) architecture that resorts to fog computing and to network function virtualization to replicate the processing capacity of a CRAN in local fog nodes closer to the RRHs that can be activated on demand to process surplus fronthaul/cloud traffic. We devise an integer linear programming (ILP) formulation and graph-based heuristics to decide when to activate fog nodes and how to dimension wavelengths on a time-and-wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network to support the fronthaul. Our results show that our architecture can consume up to 96% less energy than a traditional distributed RAN, providing a maximum transmission latency of about 20 μs between RRHs and BBUs even in large traffic scenarios. Moreover, we demonstrate that our graph-based heuristics can achieve the same optimal solutions of the ILP formulation but with a reduction of 99.86% in the execution time.

#### BibTeX

@article{Tinini:19,
author = {Rodrigo Izidoro Tinini and Daniel Mac\^{e}do Batista and Gustavo Bittencourt Figueiredo and Massimo Tornatore and Biswanath Mukherjee},
journal = {J. Opt. Commun. Netw.},
keywords = {Clouds; Fog; Genetic algorithms; Passive optical networks; Tunable lasers; Wavelength division multiplexing},
number = {4},
pages = {B37--B48},
publisher = {{OSA}},
title = {Low-Latency and Energy-Efficient {BBU} Placement and {VPON} Formation in Virtualized Cloud-Fog {RAN}},
volume = {11},
month = apr,
year = 2019,
url = {jocn.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=jocn-11-4-B37},
doi = {10.1364/JOCN.11.000B37}
}

Diogo Goncalves and Luiz Bittencourt and Edmundo Madeira. An Analysis of User Mobility Prediction for Mobile Applications Migration On Fog Computing Environments(In Portuguese). Simpósio Brasileiro de Redes de Computadores e Sistemas Distribuídos (SBRC), 2019.

#### Abstract

A Computação em Névoa provê a dispositivos IoT acesso com baixa latência a recursos computacionais presentes na borda da rede. Porém, neste ambiente a alta mobilidade de alguns desses dispositivos, como wearables ou dispositivos embarcados em veículos, traz grandes desafios para a alocação e gerência de recursos. Trabalhos recentes têm apresentado os benefícios do uso de predição de mobilidade dos usuários no processo de migração de aplicações neste ambiente. No entanto, uma má escolha do local de execução da aplicação devido a uma imprecisão na localização futura do usuário pode comprometer a qualidade da execução. Este trabalho apresenta uma análise do impacto de uma baixa acurácia na predição de mobilidade do usuário para melhorar o processo de migração de aplicações em ambientes de Névoa. Resultados de simulações indicaram que o uso de predição de mobilidade pode reduzir o número de migrações, mas um erro de cálculo da posição futura do usuário pode aumentar a latência média experimentada por ele em até 30%.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{gonccalves2019sbrc,
title={An\'{a}lise da Predi\c{c}\~{a}o de Mobilidade na Migra\c{c}\~{a}o de Aplica\c{c}\~{o}es em Computa\c{c}\~{a}o em N\'{e}voa},
author={Gon\c{c}alves, Diogo M and Bittencourt, Luiz F and Madeira, Edmundo RM},
booktitle={Anais do {XXXVII} Simp\'{o}sio Brasileiro de Redes de Computadores e Sistemas Distribu\'{i}dos},
year={2019},
organization={{SBC}}
}

Allan Barbosa, Francisco Silva, Luciano Coutinho, Davi Santos and Ariel Teles. A Domain-Specific Modeling Language for Specification of Clinical Scores in Mobile Health. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Evaluation of Novel Approaches to Software Engineering - Volume 1: ENASE, 104-113, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, 2019.

#### Abstract

Clinical scores are a widely discussed topic in health as part of modern clinical practice. In general, these tools predict clinical outcomes, perform risk stratification, aid in clinical decision making, assess disease severity or assist diagnosis. However, the problem is that clinical scores data are traditionally obtained manually, which can lead to incorrect data and result. In addition, by collecting biological/health data in real time from humans, the current mobile health (mHealth) solutions that computationally solve that problem are limited because those systems are developed considering the specificities of a single clinical score. This work is part of the MDD4ClinicalScores project that addresses the productivity in developing mHealth solutions for clinical scores through the use of Model Driven Development concepts. This paper focus in describing DSML4ClinicalScore, a high-level domain-specific modeling language that uses the Ecore metamodel to describe a clinical score sp ecification. To propose the DSML4ClinicalScore we analysed 89 clinical scores to define the artifacts of this proposed Metamodel. In the end, a practical case study using this DSML is provided to validate the DSML4ClinicalScore Metamodel, and to show how to use the proposal in a clinical situation scenario.

#### BibTeX

@conference{enase19,
author={Allan F\'{a}bio de Aguiar Barbosa and Francisco Jos\'{e} da Silva e Silva and Luciano Reis Coutinho and Davi Viana dos Santos and Ariel Soares Teles},
title={A Domain-Specific Modeling Language for Specification of Clinical Scores in Mobile Health},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Evaluation of Novel Approaches to Software Engineering -- Volume 1 {ENASE}},
year={2019},
pages={104-113},
publisher={{SciTePress}},
organization={{INSTICC}},
doi={10.5220/0007728101040113},
isbn={978-989-758-375-9},
}

Adalberto Azevedo Jr., Fernando Benedito, Luciano Coutinho, Francisco Silva, Marcos Roriz Junior and Markus Endler. A Mobility Restriction Authoring Tool Approach based on a Domain Specific Modeling Language and Model Transformation. Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems - Volume 1: ICEIS, 525-534, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, 2019.

#### Abstract

There are many situations in which there is a need to monitor the location and behavior of people and/or vehicles in order to detect possible irregularities and control where they are located and how they move, such as in companies, public transportation and public security. In this paper, we present MobCons-AT (Mobility Constraints Authoring Tool), an authoring tool that allows the specification of mobility restrictions rules that must be followed by mobile nodes. Rules are specified through a Domain-Specific Modeling Language (DSML) called MobCons-SL (Mobility Constraints Specification Language). Once specified in MobCons-SL, these rules are automatically transformed into software artifacts that performs the detection of the mobility restrictions violations performed by mobile nodes. This approach allows faster delivery time and lower the cost for the development of software systems aiming the detection of mobility restrictions. This paper also describes the use of MobCons-AT in two case studies, showing its applicability for diverse mobility scenarios.

#### Note

Received the Best Paper Award in the Multiagent systems section.

#### BibTeX

@conference{iceis19,
author={Adalberto T. Azevedo Jr. and Fernando Benedito and Luciano Reis Coutinho and Francisco Jos\'{e} da Silva e Silva and Marcos Paulino Roriz Junior and Markus Endler},
title={A Mobility Restriction Authoring Tool Approach based on a Domain Specific Modeling Language and Model Transformation},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems -- Volume 1 {ICEIS}},
year={2019},
pages={525-534},
publisher={{SciTePress}},
organization={{INSTICC}},
doi={10.5220/0007727905250534},
isbn={978-989-758-372-8},
}

Alexandre Heideker, Dener Silva, Ivan Zyrianoff, João Kleinschmidt and Carlos Kamienski. IMAIoT – Infrastructure Monitoring Agent for IoT (In Portuguese). Salão de Ferramentas do SBRC, 2019.

#### Abstract

O conceito Internet da Coisas (IoT) é caracterizado pela presença de um número muito grande de dispositivos ligados à Internet, o que inclui ambientes urbanos, industriais e de agricultura. O gerenciamento e monitoramento destes dispositivos, virtuais ou físicos, em múltiplas plataformas de hardware e software, representa um grande desafio. Há soluções disponíveis no mercado, porém, específicas para certos domínios e plataformas e, em sua maioria, proprietárias e pouco personalizáveis. Apresentamos o IMAIoT, uma ferramenta para monitoramento de infraestruturas que utiliza protocolos e arquitetura altamente escalável de IoT para disponibilizar suas métricas. A versatilidade da ferramenta permite monitorar desde máquinas reais em um datacenter até dispositivos com como nós de computação em névoa.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{imaiot19,
author = {Alexandre Heideker and Dener Ottolini and Ivan Zyrianoff and Jo\~{a}o Kleinschmidt and Carlos Kamienski},
title = {{IMAIoT} -- Infrastructure Monitoring Agent for {IoT}},
booktitle = {Anais Estendidos do XXXVII Simp\'osio Brasileiro de Redes de Computadores e Sistemas Distribu\'idos -- Sal\~{a}o de Ferramentas},
year = {2019},
publisher = {Sociedade Brasileira de Computa\c{c}\~ao},
doi = {10.5753/sbrc_estendido.2019.7764},
}

Pedro Rezende, Somayeh Kianpisheh, Roch Glitho and Edmundo Madeira. An SDN-Based Framework for Routing Multi-Streams Transport Traffic Over Multipath Networks. 53rd IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2019.

#### Abstract

Multi-stream transport protocols, such as SCTP and QUIC, tackle challenges such as Head of Line (HoL) faced by TCP. They are getting more and more deployed and currently carry more than 7% of the global Internet traffic. However, since these protocols have limited control over the actual routes the streams will take in the network, the streams are generally forwarded through a single and same path, even though there are generally multiple paths available in the network. Consequently, the traffic streams do not fully benefit from the available bandwidth and performance improvement remains limited. Software Defined Networks (SDN) separate control planes and data planes. It offers a complete view of the network to applications and enables network programmability through flexible rules. These rules may be used to ensure that the different streams generated by multi-stream transport protocols follow multiple paths in the network. In this paper, we propose an SDN-based framework for multi-stream transport protocols in multipath networks. The proposed framework provides an interface for applications to specify multi-stream rules. Based on these rules, the framework uses the services offered by the SDN Controller to ensure that the multiple streams go over multiple paths in the network. Experiments performed show that our proposal improves the QoS offered to the end users.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{pedro_icc,
title={An {SDN-Based} Framework for Routing {Multi-Streams} Transport Traffic Over Multipath Networks},
author={Rezende, Pedro and Kianpisheh, Somayeh and Glitho, Roch and Madeira, Edmundo},
booktitle={2019 {IEEE} International Conference on Communications ({ICC}): Next-Generation Networking and Internet Symposium ({IEEE} {ICC}'19 - {NGNI} Symposium)},
year=2019,
}

Mayurí Morais and Raphael de Camargo. A Framework for Scalable Data Analysis and Model Aggregation for Public Bus Systems. III Workshop de Computação Urbana (III CoUrb), 2019.

#### Abstract

Urban mobility through quality public transportation is one of the major challenges for the consolidation of smart cities. Researchers developed different approaches for improving bus system reliability and information quality, including travel time prediction algorithms, network state evaluations, and bus bunching prevention strategies. The information provided by these approaches are complementary and could be aggregated for better predictions. In this work, we propose the architecture and a present a prototype implementation of a framework that enables the integration of several approaches, which we call models, into scalable and efficient composite models. For instance, travel time prediction models can use estimators of bus position, network state, and bus headways to deliver more accurate and reliable predictions. We evaluate the scalability of the framework, the CPU usage of the framework components, and the predictions of the travel time models. We show that real-time predictions using this framework can be feasible in large metropolitan areas, such as São Paulo city.

#### BibTeX

@InProceedings{morais-courb-2009,
title = {A Framework for Scalable Data Analysis and Model Aggregation for Public Bus Systems},
booktitle = {III Workshop de Computa\c{c}\~ao Urbana (III CoUrb)},
author = {Morais, Mayuri and de Camargo, Raphael},
year = 2019,
month = may,
pages = {1--14},
}

Matheus Leal, Flávia Pisani and Markus Endler. Inviolable Presence Registration of Mobile Entities in the ContextNet Middleware (Short Paper). 9th Latin-American Symposium on Dependable Computing (LADC 2019), 2019.

#### Abstract

Several applications can benefit from recording information about the places a mobile entity visits and the length of time it spends there (e.g., shoppers, employees, buses, movable equipment, autonomous robots, etc.). In this paper, we present our approach to recording spatio-temporal information in a secure and inviolable way using a Distributed Ledger Technology. So far in this work, we observe that, although sending data to the blockchain is a heavy process, there are ways that this transaction time does not disrupt the flow of new data such as adding these data to a queue. However, this makes the sending process overall longer. We intend to continue this study by testing different blockchain services and comparing their performances.

#### Note

Received the Best Short Paper Award

#### BibTeX

@INPROCEEDINGS{Leal2019-Inviolable,
author={Matheus Leal and Fl\'avia Pisani and Markus Endler},
booktitle={9th Latin-American Symposium on Dependable Computing {(LADC)}},
title={Inviolable Presence Registration of Mobile Entities in the {ContextNet} Middleware (Short Paper)},
year={2019},
pages={1--4},
}

Debora Lina Ciriaco, Alexandre Pessoa, Laís Salvador and Renata Wassermann. Semantic Data Integration for Public Health in Brazil. LatinX in AI Research at ICML, 2019.

#### Abstract

The lack of semantic information is a big challenge, even in context-driven areas like Healthcare, characterized by established terminologies. Here, semantic data integration is the solution to provide precise information and answers to questions like: What is the care pathway of newborns diagnosed with a congenital anomaly in consequence of congenital syphilis in the city of São Paulo? This project will use a semantic data integration technique, ontology based data integration, to integrate three health databases from the city of São Paulo-Brazil: mortality, live births and hospital information system. It is expected that the integration of public health databases will help to map patient care pathways, predict public resource needs and minimize unnecessary spending.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{ciriaco:hal-02266921,
TITLE = {Semantic Data Integration for Public Health in Brazil},
AUTHOR = {Ciriaco, Debora Lina and Pessoa, Alexandre and Salvador, La\'is and Wassermann, Renata},
BOOKTITLE = {LatinX in AI Research at ICML 2019},
ADDRESS = {Long Beach, United States},
YEAR = {2019},
MONTH = jun,
KEYWORDS = {Semantic Data Integration ; Public Health ; Ontology Based Data Integration ; Ontologies ; Healthcare},
HAL_ID = {hal-02266921},
URL = {http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02266921},
}

Jucele França de Alencar Vasconcelos, Edson Norbeto Cáceres, Henrique Mongelli, Siang Wun Song, Frank Dehne and Jayme Luiz Szwarcfiter. New BSP/CGM algorithms for spanning trees. International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications. Volume 33, Issue 3, pp. 441-461, 2019.

#### Abstract

Computing a spanning tree (ST) and a minimum spanning tree (MST) of a graph are fundamental problems in Graph Theory and arise as a subproblem in many applications. In this paper, we propose parallel algorithms to these problems. One of the steps of previous parallel MST algorithms relies on the heavy use of parallel list ranking which, though efficient in theory, is very time-consuming in practice. Using a different approach with a graph decomposition, we devised new parallel algorithms that do not make use of the list ranking procedure. We proved that our algorithms are correct, and for a graph G = (V;E), |V| = n and |E| = m, the algorithms can be executed on a BSP/CGM model using O(log p) communications rounds with O((n+m)/p) computation time for each round. To show that our algorithms have good performance on real parallel machines, we have implemented them on GPU (Graphics Processing Unit). The obtained speedups are competitive and showed that the BSP/CGM model is suitable for designing general purpose parallel algorithms.

#### BibTeX

@article{vasconcelos2019,
author = {Jucele Fran\c{c}a de Alencar Vasconcelos and Edson Norbeto C\'{a}ceres and Henrique Mongelli and Siang Wun Song and Frank Dehne and Jayme Luiz Szwarcfiter},
title = {New BSP/CGM algorithms for spanning trees},
journal = {International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications},
year = {2019},
volume = {33},
pages = {441-461}
}

Gustavo Covas, Eduardo F. Z. Santana and Fabio Kon. Evaluating Exclusive Lanes for Autonomous Vehicle Platoons. 33 rd ECMS International Conference on Modelling and Simulation  (ECMS), 2019.

#### Abstract

Digital Rails (DR) is a proposal for a system of exclusive lanes intended for autonomous vehicles. This paper presents the evaluation of this system using macroscopic traffic metrics, mainly average travel time. The DR system consists of a network of arterial roads with exclusive lanes where autonomous vehicles can travel in platoons. We
evaluated the impacts of this system on travel time using mesoscopic traffic simulation and real data from the city of São Paulo to create the simulation scenarios. The results show that the proposed system would bring reductions on the average travel time of the city commuters.

#### BibTeX

@INPROCEEDINGS{covas2019ecms,
author = {Covas, Gustavo and Santana, Eduardo F. Z. and Kon, Fabio},
title = {Evaluating Exclusive Lanes for Autonomous Vehicle Platoons},
booktitle={2019 33 rd ECMS International Conference on Modelling and Simulation  ({ECMS})},
year = {2019},
numpages = {7}
}

Arthur de M. Del Esposte, Eduardo F. Z. Santana, Lucas Kanashiro, Fabio M. Costa, Kelly R. Braghetto, Nelson Lago and Fabio Kon. Design and evaluation of a scalable smart city software platform with large-scale simulations. Future Generation Computer Systems, vol 93, 2019.

#### Abstract

Smart Cities combine advances in Internet of Things, Big Data, Social Networks, and Cloud Computing technologies with the demand for cyber–physical applications in areas of public interest, such as Health, Public Safety, and Mobility. The end goal is to leverage the use of city resources to improve the quality of life of its citizens. Achieving this goal, however, requires advanced support for the development and operation of applications in a complex and dynamic environment. Middleware platforms can provide an integrated infrastructure that enables solutions for smart cities by combining heterogeneous city devices and providing unified, high-level facilities for the development of applications and services. Although several smart city platforms have been proposed in the literature, there are still open research and development challenges related to their scalability, maintainability, interoperability, and reuse in the context of different cities, to name a few. Moreover, available platforms lack extensive scientific validation, which hinders a comparative analysis of their applicability. Aiming to close this gap, we propose InterSCity, a microservices-based, open-source, smart city platform that enables the collaborative development of large-scale systems, applications, and services for the cities of the future, contributing to turn them into truly smart cyber–physical environments. In this paper, we present the architecture of the InterSCity platform, followed by a comprehensive set of experiments that evaluate its scalability. The experiments were conducted using a smart city simulator to generate realistic workloads used to assess the platform in extreme conditions. The experimental results demonstrate that the platform can scale horizontally to handle the highly dynamic demands of a large smart city while maintaining low response times. The experiments also show the effectiveness of the technique used to generate synthetic workloads.

#### BibTeX

@article{interscityFGCS2019,
title = "Design and evaluation of a scalable smart city software platform with large-scale simulations",
journal = "Future Generation Computer Systems",
volume = "93",
pages = "427 - 441",
year = "2019",
author = "Arthur de M. Del Esposte and Eduardo F. Z. Santana and Lucas Kanashiro and Fabio M. Costa and Kelly R. Braghetto and Nelson Lago and Fabio Kon",
}

#### 2018

Arthur Selle Jacobs, Ricardo José Pfitscher, Ronaldo Alves Ferreira, and Lisandro Zambenedetti Granville. Refining Network Intents for Self-Driving Networks. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, Volume 48, Issue 5, October 2018., 2018.

#### Abstract

Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) offer an opportunity for the adoption of self-driving networks. However, network operators or home-network users still do not have the right tools to exploit these new advancements in AI, since they have to rely on low-level languages to specify network policies. Intent-based networking (IBN) allows operators to specify high-level policies that dictate how the network should behave without worrying how they are translated into configuration commands in the network devices. However, the existing research proposals for IBN fail to exploit the knowledge and feedback from the network operator to validate or improve the translation of intents. In this paper, we introduce a novel intent-refinement process that uses machine learning and feedback from the operator to translate the operator’s utterances into network configurations. Our refinement process uses a sequence-to-sequence learning model to extract intents from natural language and the feedback from the operator to improve learning. The key insight of our process is an intermediate representation that resembles natural language that is suitable to collect feedback from the operator but is structured enough to facilitate precise translations. Our prototype interacts with a network operator using natural language and translates the operator input to the intermediate representation before translating to SDN rules. Our experimental results show that our process achieves a correlation coefficient squared (i.e., R-squared) of 0.99 for a dataset with 5000 entries and the operator feedback significantly improves the accuracy of our model.

#### Note

Received the Best Paper Award of the ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Self-Driving Networks 2018 in Budapest.

#### BibTeX

@article{Jacobs:2019:RNI:3310165.3310173,
author = {Jacobs, Arthur Selle and Pfitscher, Ricardo Jos{\'e} and Ferreira, Ronaldo Alves and Granville, Lisandro Zambenedetti},
title = {Refining Network Intents for Self-driving Networks},
journal = {{SIGCOMM} Comput. Commun. Rev.},
issue_date = {October 2018},
volume = {48},
number = {5},
month = oct,
year = {2018},
issn = {0146-4833},
pages = {55--63},
numpages = {9},
url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/3310165.3310173},
doi = {10.1145/3310165.3310173},
acmid = {3310173},
publisher = {ACM},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
keywords = {intent-based networking, machine learning, self-driving networks},
}

Fernanda de Camargo Magano and Kelly Rosa Braghetto. Abstracting Big Data Processing Tools for Smart Cities. 37th IEEE International Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems, 2018.

#### Abstract

Large volumes of data from various sources are generated continuously in cities. The processing and analysis of these data play a key role in the implementation of initiatives for smart cities. In order to process urban Big Data, it is essential to use high-performance tools to accelerate processing and provide quick answers. However, this use is not trivial because Big Data tools are not interoperable and require from their users knowledge of parallel and distributed computing and databases. In this work, we compare popular open-source Big Data processing frameworks and propose a software system to abstract and facilitate their use in smart city applications. The architecture of the system is composed by an interface to specify dataflow models as well as services to interpret these models and instantiate them in different Big Data tools. An implementation of the system on top of a smart city platform is also addressed.

#### BibTeX

@InProceedings{dataflow2018wdsc,
title = {Abstracting Big Data Processing Tools for Smart Cities},
author = {Fernanda de Camargo Magano and Kelly Rosa Braghetto},
booktitle = {37th IEEE International Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems},
year = {2018},
eventdate={2018-10-02/2018-10-05},
url={https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8615652},
}

Fernando Freire Scattone and Kelly Rosa Braghetto. A Microservices Architecture for Distributed Complex Event Processing in Smart Cities. 2018 IEEE 37th International Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems Workshops (SRDSW), 2018.

#### Abstract

A considerable volume of data is collected from sensors today and needs to be processed in real time. Complex Event Processing (CEP) is one of the most important techniques developed for this purpose. In CEP, each new sensor measurement is considered an event and new event types can be defined based on other events occurrence. There exists several open-source CEP implementations currently available, but all of them use orchestration to distribute event processing. This kind of architectural organization may harm system resilience, since it relies on a central core (i.e. the orchestrator). Any failures in the core might impact the whole system. Moreover, the core can become a bottleneck on system performance. In this work, a choreography-based microservices architecture is proposed for distributed CEP, in order to benefit from the low coupling and greater horizontal scalability this kind of architecture provides.

#### BibTeX

@INPROCEEDINGS{8615650,
author={Fernando Freire Scattone and Kelly Rosa Braghetto},
booktitle={2018 IEEE 37th International Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems Workshops ({SRDSW})},
title={A Microservices Architecture for Distributed Complex Event Processing in Smart Cities},
year=2018,
pages={6-9},
keywords={distributed processing;smart cities;software architecture;software fault tolerance;town and country planning;smart cities;sensor measurement;events occurrence;open-source CEP implementations;architectural organization;system resilience;system performance;choreography-based microservices architecture;distributed CEP;distributed complex event processing;Scalability;Smart cities;Real-time systems;Sensors;Tools;Computer architecture;Smart City, Complex Event Processing, Scalability, Big Data, Microservices, Choreography},
doi={10.1109/SRDSW.2018.00012},
month=oct,
url = {ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8615650},
}

Alexandre Meslin, Noemi Rodriguez, and Markus Endler. A Scalable Multilayer Middleware for Distributed Monitoring and Complex Event Processing for Smart Cities. 2018 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2), 2018.

#### Abstract

In this paper, we present a hierarchical, distributed, cloud-based, context-aware architecture for collecting, processing and distributing data in a smart city. The architecture we are proposing has three hierarchical levels, and supports complex event processing (CEP) in several of them. At the lower layer, several mobile objects work as interfaces to sensors and actuators and provide processing capability for local filtering and detection. A second level, consisting of gateways and processing nodes, processes information from its locale and sends the data received from the mobile objects to the storage level using the existing network infrastructure. The highest level provides support for structured storage and queries of the information. Applications outside the platform can collect data through the external interface of the highest level. The system is under development using the InterSCity platform in the upper layer, the ContextNet middleware at the middle layer, and the Mobile-Hub application at the lower layer. It currently collects and processes data on buses running in the City of Rio de Janeiro.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{meslin2018scalable,
title={A Scalable Multilayer Middleware for Distributed Monitoring and Complex Event Processing for Smart Cities},
author={Meslin, Alexandre and Rodriguez, Noemi and Endler, Markus},
booktitle={2018 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference ({ISC2})},
pages={1--8},
year={2018},
organization={{IEEE}},
doi = {10.1109/ISC2.2018.8656961},
}

Fernanda BJR Dallaqua, Fabio Augusto Faria, Alvaro L Fazenda. Active Learning Approaches for Deforested Area Classification. 31st Conference on Graphics, Patterns and Images (SIBGRAPI), 2018.

#### Abstract

The conservation of tropical forests is a social and ecological relevant subject because of its important role in the global ecosystem. Forest monitoring is mostly done by extraction and analysis of remote sensing imagery (RSI) information. In the literature many works have been successful in remote sensing image classification through the use of machine learning techniques. Generally, traditional learning algorithms demand a representative and huge training set which can be an expensive procedure, especially in RSI, where the imagery spectrum varies along seasons and forest coverage. A semi-supervised learning paradigm known as active learning (AL) is proposed to solve this problem, as it builds efficient training sets through iterative improvement of the model performance. In the construction process of training sets, unlabeled samples are evaluated by a user-defined heuristic, ranked and then the most relevant samples are labeled by an expert user. In this work two different AL approaches (Confidence Heuristics and Committee) are presented to classify remote sensing imagery. In the experiments, our AL approaches achieve excellent effectiveness results compared with well-known approaches existing in the literature for two different datasets.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{JRDallaqua2018,
doi = {10.1109/sibgrapi.2018.00013},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/sibgrapi.2018.00013},
year = {2018},
month = oct,
publisher = {{IEEE}},
author = {Fernanda B. J. R. Dallaqua and Fabio Augusto Faria and Alvaro L. Fazenda},
title = {Active Learning Approaches for Deforested Area Classification},
booktitle = {2018 31st {SIBGRAPI} Conference on Graphics, Patterns and Images ({SIBGRAPI})}
}

Thales Bandiera Paiva and Routo Terada. Improving the efficiency of a reaction attack on the QC-MDPC McEliece. IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals, Vol. E101-A, No. 10, pp1676-1686, October, 2018.

#### Abstract

The QC-MDPC McEliece scheme was considered one of the most promising public key encryption schemes for efficient post-quantum secure encryption. As a variant of the McEliece scheme, it is based on the syndrome decoding problem, which is a hard problem from Coding Theory. Its key sizes are competitive with the ones of the widely used RSA cryptosystem, and it came with an apparently strong security reduction. For three years, the scheme has not suffered major threats, until the end of 2016, at the Asiacrypt, when Guo, Johansson, and Stankovski presented a reaction attack on the QC-MDPC that exploits one aspect that was not considered in the security reduction: the probability of a decoding failure to occur is lower when the secret key and the error used for encryption share certain properties. Recording the decoding failures, the attacker obtains information about the secret key and then use the information gathered to reconstruct the key. Guo et al. presented an algorithm for key reconstruction for which we can point two weaknesses. The first one is that it cannot deal with partial information about the secret key, resulting in the attacker having to send a large number of decoding challenges. The second one is that it does not scale well for higher security levels. To improve the attack, we propose a key reconstruction algorithm that runs faster than Guo’s et al. algorithm, even using around 20% less interactions with the secret key holder than used by their algorithm, considering parameters suggested for 80 bits of security. It also has a lower asymptotic complexity which makes it scale much better for higher security parameters. The algorithm can be parallelized straightforwardly, which is not the case for the one by Guo et al.

#### BibTeX

@article{ThalesBANDIERAPAIVA2018,
title={Improving the Efficiency of a Reaction Attack on the {QC-MDPC} {McEliece}},
author={Thales Bandiera Paiva and Routo Terada},
journal={{IEICE} Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences},
volume={E101.A},
number={10},
pages={1676-1686},
year={2018},
doi={10.1587/transfun.E101.A.1676}
}

Danilo Carastan Santos, David C. Martins-Jr, Siang W. Song, Luiz C. S. Rozante and Raphael Y. de Camargo. A hybrid CPU-GPU-MIC algorithm for minimal hitting set enumeration. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience. Accepted in 2018. Available online, 2018.

#### Abstract

We present a hybrid exact algorithm for the Minimal Hitting Set (MHS) Enumeration Problem for highly heterogeneous CPU-GPU-MIC platforms. With several techniques that permit an efficient exploitation of each architecture, low communication cost and effective load balancing, we were able to enumerate MHSs for large instances in reasonable time, achieving good performance and scalability.We obtained speedups of up to 25.32 in comparison with using two six-core CPUs and we also enumerated MHSs for instances with tens of thousands of variables in less than 5 hours. We also evaluated our algorithm with a real-world driven dataset and, with a largeCPU-GPUcluster, we unprecedentedly enumerated in parallel large minimal hitting sets of this dataset in less than 8 hours. These results reinforce the statement that heterogeneous clusters of CPUs, GPUs and MICs can be used efficiently for high-performance computing.

#### BibTeX

@article{carastan-santos2018,
author = { Danilo Carastan Santos and David C. Martins-Jr and Siang W. Song and Luiz C. S. Rozante and Raphael Y. de Camargo},
title = { A hybrid CPU-GPU-MIC algorithm for minimal hitting set enumeration},
journal = {Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience},
year = {2018},
note = {Accepted. Available online.}
}

Jucele França de Alencar Vasconcelos, Edson Norbeto Cáceres, Henrique Mongelli and Siang Wun Song. A new efficient parallel algorithm for minimum spanning tree. 30th International Symposisum on Computer Architecture and High Performance Computing (SBAC-PAD). Lyon, France, September 24 - 27, 2018.

#### Abstract

In this paper, using the BSP/CGM model, we propose a parallel algorithm and implement it on a GPGPU to obtain a minimum spanning tree of a graph. Previous works for this problem are based on the solution of the list ranking problem which, though efficient in theory, did not produce good speedups in practice. In a later work, based on the idea of computing a structure called strut, we proposed a parallel algorithm under the BSP/CGP model to obtain a minimum spanning tree without using list ranking. It is based on the construction of an auxiliary bipartite graph and uses integer sorting. In this paper, we improve that work in some aspects. The proposed algorithm does not require the computation of the bipartite graph, and the strut construction does not require the sorting algorithm. The efficiency and scalability of the proposed algorithm are verified through experimental results obtained by an implementation on GPGPU.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{jucele-sbac2018,
author = {Jucele Fran\c{c}a de Alencar Vasconcelos and Edson Norbeto C\'{a}ceres and Henrique Mongelli and Siang Wun Song},
title = {A new efficient parallel algorithm for minimum spanning tree},
booktitle = {30th International Symposisum on Computer Architecture and High Performance Computing ({SBAC-PAD})},
year = {2018},
pages = {24-27},
}

Ademar T. Akabane, Roger Immich, Richard W. Pazzi, Edmundo R. M. Madeira and Leandro A. Villas. Distributed Egocentric Betweenness Measure as a Vehicle Selection Mechanism in VANETs: A Performance Evaluation Study. Sensors 2018, 18(8), 2731, August, 2018.

#### Abstract

In the traditional approach for centrality measures, also known as sociocentric, a network node usually requires global knowledge of the network topology in order to evaluate its importance. Therefore, it becomes difficult to deploy such an approach in large-scale or highly dynamic networks. For this reason, another concept known as egocentric has been introduced, which analyses the social environment surrounding individuals (through the ego-network). In other words, this type of network has the benefit of using only locally available knowledge of the topology to evaluate the importance of a node. It is worth emphasizing that in this approach, each network node will have a sub-optimal accuracy. However, such accuracy may be enough for a given purpose, for instance, the vehicle selection mechanism (VSM) that is applied to find, in a distributed fashion, the best-ranked vehicles in the network after each topology change. In order to confirm that egocentric measures can be a viable alternative for implementing a VSM, in particular, a case study was carried out to validate the effectiveness and viability of that mechanism for a distributed information management system. To this end, we used the egocentric betweenness measure as a selection mechanism of the most appropriate vehicle to carry out the tasks of information aggregation and knowledge generation. Based on the analysis of the performance results, it was confirmed that a VSM is extremely useful for VANET applications, and two major contributions of this mechanism can be highlighted: (i) reduction of bandwidth consumption; and (ii) overcoming the issue of highly dynamic topologies. Another contribution of this work is a thorough study by implementing and evaluating how well egocentric betweenness performs in comparison to the sociocentric measure in VANETs. Evaluation results show that the use of the egocentric betweenness measure in highly dynamic topologies has demonstrated a high degree of similarity compared to the sociocentric approach.

#### BibTeX

@article{akabane2018sen,
author = {Akabane, Ademar T. and Immich, Roger and Pazzi, Richard W. and Madeira, Edmundo R. M. and Villas, Leandro A.},
title = {Distributed Egocentric Betweenness Measure as a Vehicle Selection Mechanism in {VANETs}: A Performance Evaluation Study},
journal = {Sensors},
year = 2018,
month = aug,
volume = {18},
number = {8},
pages = {27},
}

Karima Velasquez, David Perez Abreu, Marcio R. M. Assis, Carlos Senna, Diego F. Aranha, Luiz F. Bittencourt, Nuno Laranjeiro, Marilia Curado, Marco Vieira, Edmundo Monteiro and Edmundo Madeira. Fog orchestration for the Internet of Everything: state-of-the-art and research challenges. Journal of Internet Services and Applications, 9 (14) July, 2018.

#### Abstract

Recent developments in telecommunications have allowed drawing new paradigms, including the Internet of Everything, to provide services by the interconnection of different physical devices enabling the exchange of data to enrich and automate people’s daily activities; and Fog computing, which is an extension of the well-known Cloud computing, bringing tasks to the edge of the network exploiting characteristics such as lower latency, mobility support, and location awareness. Combining these paradigms opens a new set of possibilities for innovative services and applications; however, it also brings a new complex scenario that must be efficiently managed to properly fulfill the needs of the users. In this scenario, the Fog Orchestrator component is the key to coordinate the services in the middle of Cloud computing and Internet of Everything. In this paper, key challenges in the development of the Fog Orchestrator to support the Internet of Everything are identified, including how they affect the tasks that a Fog service Orchestrator should perform. Furthermore, different service Orchestrator architectures for the Fog are explored and analyzed in order to identify how the previously listed challenges are being tackled. Finally, a discussion about the open challenges, technological directions, and future of the research on this subject is presented.

#### BibTeX

@article{velasquez2018jisa,
author = {Karima Velasquez and David Perez Abreu and Marcio R. M. Assis and Carlos Senna and Diego F. Aranha and Luiz F. Bittencourt and Nuno Laranjeiro and Marilia Curado and Marco Vieira and Edmundo Monteiro and Edmundo Madeira},
title = {Fog orchestration for the Internet of Everything: state-of-the-art and research challenges},
journal = {Journal of Internet Services and Applications},
year = 2018,
month = jul,
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {14}
}

Paulo César Ferreira Melo and Fábio Moreira Costa. Model-Driven Mobile CrowdSensing for Smart Cities. WBCI 2018: 1st Brazilian Workshop on Smart Cities, 2018.

#### Abstract

Making cities smarter can help improve city services, optimize resource and infrastructure utilization and increase citizens’ quality of life. The Smart Cities connects citizens in novel ways by leveraging the latest advances in information and communication technologies (ICT). The integration of rich sensing capabilities (e.g. camera, microphone, accelerometer, GPS) in today’s mobile devices allows their users to sense their environment. In Mobile CrowdSensing (MCS) the citizens of the Smart City collect, share and jointly use services based on the sensed data. The main challenges for smart city regarding MCS is the heterogeneity of devices and the dynamism of the environment. To overcome these challenges, this paper presents an architecture based on models at runtime (M@rt) to support MCS queries in Smart Cities. This new architecture is an extension of the InterSCity platform to leverage all existing infrastructure.

#### BibTeX

@InProceedings{melo2018wbci,
author = {Paulo C\'{e}sar Ferreira Melo and F\'{a}bio Moreira Costa},
title = {Model-Driven Mobile CrowdSensing for Smart Cities},
booktitle = {1st Brazilian Workshop on Smart Cities ({WBCI})},
year = 2018,
}

Diogo Gonçalves, Karima Velasquez, Marilia Curado, Luiz Bittencourt and Edmundo Madeira. Proactive Virtual Machine Migration in Fog Environments. IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC 2018), 2018.

#### Abstract

Fog computing provides a low latency access to resources at the edge of the network for resource-constrained devices. The high mobility of some of these devices, such as vehicles, brings great challenges related to resource allocation and management. In order to improve the management of computing resources utilized by mobile users connected to the Fog infrastructure, this paper proposes a virtual machine placement and migration decision model based on mobility prediction. Simulations have shown that moving the virtual machine to a Fog node ahead of the user’s route using the proposed approach can decrease by almost 50% the number of migrations needed by the user. The Fog architecture provides an average latency of about 15 milliseconds for the users’ applications and the proposed approach presents a lower latency compared to a greedy approach for the VM placement problem.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{goncalves2018,
author = {Diogo Gon\c{c}alves and Karima Velasquez and Marilia Curado and Luiz Bittencourt and Edmundo Madeira},
title = {Proactive Virtual Machine Migration in Fog Environments},
booktitle = {{IEEE} Symposium on Computers and Communications ({ISCC} 2018)},
venue = {Natal, Brazil},
eventdate = {2018-06-25/2018-06-28},
year=2018,
}

RODRIGO IZIDORO TININI, DANIEL MACEDO BATISTA, and GUSTAVO BITTENCOURT FIGUEIREDO. Energy-Efficient VPON Formation and Wavelength Dimensioning in Cloud-Fog RAN over TWDM-PON. IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC), 2018.

#### Abstract

Optical networks are commonly adopted to implement the fronthaul of Cloud-RAN (CRAN) and Hybrid-CRAN (H-CRAN) architectures to support the 5G traffic. The Cloud-Fog RAN (CF-RAN) architecture promotes cloud and local fog processing of baseband signals with the novelty of activating on demand processing capabilities under the Fog Computing and Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) paradigms. Timeand-Wavelength-Division-Multiplexed Passive Optical Networks (TWDM-PON) are used to implement the fronthaul due to the capacity of Virtual-PON (VPON) formation, which can reduce power consumption by allocating as many Remote Radio Heads (RRH) as possible into a single optical channel. However, the TWDM-PON wavelengths must be assigned to the VPONs in an exclusive manner so different VPONs do not share a common wavelength and thus VPONs do not collide on the optical links. In this paper we propose an Energy-Efficient VPON Formation and Wavelength Dimensioning formulation through Integer Linear Programming (ILP) to efficiently form VPONs and dimension the wavelengths so collisions never occurs. Results from the experiments show that the ILP formulation was able to form VPONs and dimension the wavelengths to the network nodes on the most energy-efficient way, achieving gains in the order of 80.27% in comparison to a random VPON formation approach.

#### BibTeX

@INPROCEEDINGS{8538610,
author={R. I. {Tinini} and D. M. {Batista} and G. B. {Figueiredo}},
booktitle={2018 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications ({ISCC})},
title={Energy-Efficient {VPON} Formation and Wavelength Dimensioning in Cloud-Fog {RAN} over {TWDM-PON}},
year=2018,
pages={521-526},
doi={10.1109/ISCC.2018.8538610},
ISSN={1530-1346},
month=jun,
}

Luis Gustavo A. Rodriguez, Julia S. Trazzi, Victor Fossaluza, Rodrigo Campiolo and Daniel M. Batista. Analysis of Vulnerability Disclosure Delays from the National Vulnerability Database. I Workshop de Segurança Cibernética em Dispositivos Conectados (WSCDC) do SBRC, 2018.

#### Abstract

The Internet contains vast amounts of data; consequently, hindering information retrieval. Resources, such as the National Vulnerability Database (NVD), have emerged to remedy this situation. Organizations largely depend on the NVD in order to disclose vulnerabilities and collaborate towards a solution. However, there has been evidence that other sources are disclosing vulnerabilities more efficiently and rapidly. The objective of this paper is to evaluate vulnerability disclosure delays from the NVD in order to state its efficiency. Among several findings, we observed that the majority of vulnerabilities are delayed within 1-7 days. Based on these results, we provide recommendations for those who currently rely only on NVD, such as IoT manufacturers and developers.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{rodriguez:sbrc2018,
author = {Rodriguez, Luis Gustavo A. and Trazzi, Julia S. and Fossaluza, Victor and Campiolo, Rodrigo and Batista, Daniel M.},
title = {Analysis of Vulnerability Disclosure Delays from the National Vulnerability Database},
booktitle = {Anais do I Workshop de Seguran\c{c}a Cibern\'{e}tica em Dispositivos Conectados ({WSCDC}) do {SBRC}},
year = {2018},
url = {sol.sbc.org.br/index.php/wscdc/article/view/2394},
}

Mateus Riva, Henrique Donâncio, Felipe Almeida, Gustavo B. Figueiredo, Rodrigo I. Tinini, Roberto M. Cesar Jr. and Daniel M. Batista. An Elastic Optical Network-based Architecture for the 5G Fronthaul. Simpósio Brasileiro de Redes de Computadores e Sistemas Distribuídos (SBRC), 2018.

#### Abstract

In 5G networks, the traffic demands are expected to increase significantly. To deal with this problem, many research efforts focus on TWDM-PON for the fronthaul. However, TWDM-PON suffers from the issue of wasted bandwidth when a demand is smaller than the channel. In order to avoid this inefficiency, we propose an OFDM-PON supported architecture for the CloudRadio Access Network (C-RAN) topology to implement the technology of elastic optical networks into C-RAN. Experiments show that OFDM-PON allows for improved usage of the bandwidth (between 145% and 218% improvement), similar average wait time for requests (average difference below 7%), and similar request loss (average difference below 2%) in comparison to TWDM.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{tinini:sbrc2018,
author = {Riva, Mateus and Don\^ancio, Henrique and Almeida, Felipe and Figueiredo, Gustavo B. and Tinini, Rodrigo I. and Cesar Jr., Roberto M. and Batista, Daniel M.},
title = {An Elastic Optical Network-based Architecture for the 5G Fronthaul},
booktitle = {Anais do Simp\'{o}sio Brasileiro de Redes de Computadores e Sistemas Distribu\'{i}dos ({SBRC})},
year = {2018},
url = {sol.sbc.org.br/index.php/sbrc/article/view/2447},
}

Antonio Deusany de Carvalho Junior and Victor Seiji Hariki and Alfredo Goldman. Sensing Trees in Smart Cities with Open-Design Hardware. IEEE 17th International Symposium on Network Computing and Applications (NCA), 2018.

#### Abstract

Tree fall is a major issue in large cities as it may obstruct roads and lead to traffic jams, and even injure people. Following these kind of incidents, monitoring the environment through sensors and Internet of Things technologies emerges as an important preventive approach. Another point is that the net primary productivity has a sensitive relation with trees characteristics including plant respiration and net photosynthesis which are highly sensitive to temperature. The health of the tree can then be monitored through leaf transpiration, sap flow measurement, environment evaluation as these methods offer indicators on any chance of a fall. The solution proposed in this paper includes an open-design hardware setup for monitoring trees in Smart Cities with Internet of Things. The setup is connected to a Smart City platform aiming to facilitate the use by other researchers and botanics, specially. Therefore, we noticed that the daily sensing data results in a huge amount of information that requires a balance between Big Data and Edge Computing approaches to process the whole collected data. The evaluation of the sensing data is presented together with the proposed architecture.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{de2018sensing,
title={Sensing Trees in Smart Cities with Open-Design Hardware},
author={de Carvalho Junior, Antonio Deusany and Hariki, Victor Seiji and Goldman, Alfredo},
booktitle={2018 {IEEE} 17th International Symposium on Network Computing and Applications ({NCA})},
pages={1--4},
year={2018},
organization={{IEEE}}
}

Markus Endler and Francisco Silva e Silva. Past, Present and Future of the ContextNet IoMT Middleware. International Workshop on Very Large Internet of Things - VLIoT, 2018.

#### Abstract

The Internet of Things with support to mobility is already transforming many application domains, such as smart cities and homes, environmental monitoring, health care, manufacturing, logistics, public security etc. in that it allows to collect and analyze data from the environment, people and machines, and to implement some form of digital control or steering on these elements of the physical world. But in order to speed the development of applications for the Internet of Mobile Things (IoMT), some middleware is required. This paper summarizes seven years of research and development on the ContextNet middleware aimed at IoMT, discusses what we achieved and what we have learned so far. We also share our vision of possible future challenges and developments in the Internet of Mobile Things.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{contextnet2018,
title="{Past, Present and Future of the ContextNet IoMT Middleware}",
author={Markus Endler and Francisco Silva e Silva},
booktitle="{VLIoT 2018: International Workshop on Very Large Internet of Things}",
year={2018},
eventdate={2018-08-31},
venue="{VLDB --- Rio de Janeiro, Brazil}"
}

Diego Vieira Neves, Felipe Cordeiro Alves Dias and Daniel Cordeiro. Using Supervised learning to analyze reliability of crowdsourced bus location data (in Portuguese). WBCI 2018: Primeiro Workshop Brasileiro de Cidades Inteligentes, 2018.

#### Abstract

Intelligent Transportation Systems allows sensors and GPS devices to monitor public transport systems in Smart Cities. Capturing and processing this data should, in theory, allow systems to make the public transport more reliable and predictable for the citizens, which would improve the quality of life of the urban population and the environment. Insufficient or low-quality data, nevertheless, may prevent its use on such real-time systems. This work studies the use of data obtained from crowdsourcing as an alternative to augment this data. In order to mitigate the uncertainties introduced by the crowdsourced data, this work proposes a reliability model for crowdsourced data conceived for the São Paulo bus-based public transport system.

#### BibTeX

@InProceedings{neves2018wbci,
author = {Diego Vieira Neves and Felipe Cordeiro Alves Dias and Daniel Cordeiro},
booktitle = {Primeiro Workshop Brasileiro de Cidades Inteligentes (WBCI)},
year = 2018,
}

Diogo M. Gonçalves, Luiz F. Bittencourt and Edmundo M. R. Madeira. Proactive migration of virtual machines for mobile applications in fog computing (in Portuguese). XXXVI Simpósio Brasileiro de Redes de Computadores (SBRC), 2018.

#### Abstract

Applications often utilize the cloud as support for processing and storage. The variety of mobile applications also brings a diversity of quality of service requirements, as for example strict delay and availability requirements. Fog computing includes computing services at the edge of the network so as response times can be reduced. In this paper, we present one policy for proactive virtual machine migration in fog computing in order to improve management of computing resources utilized by vehicles connected to this infrastructure. Simulations suggest that using knowledge about the future user’s path can improve the resource management of fog ecosystem, maintaining users’ virtual machine in fog devices as close as possible to the vehicle path. Simulations suggest that the presented policy reduce the total of migration along the user’s path without affecting the quality response time of virtual machines allocated to the fog.

#### Note

Original title: Migração proativa de máquinas virtuais para aplicações móveis na computação em névoa.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{diogoSBRC2018,
title={Migra\c{c}\~{a}o proativa de m\'{a}quinas virtuais para aplica\c{c}\~{o}es m\'{o}veis na computa\c{c}\~{a}o em n\'{e}voa},
author={Diogo M. Gon\c{c}alves and Luiz F. Bittencourt and Edmundo M. R. Madeira},
booktitle="{XXXVI SBRC: Simp\'{o}sio Brasileiro de Redes de Computadores}",
year={2018},
eventdate={2018-05-06/2018-05-10},
venue="{Campos do Jord\~{a}o, Brazil}"
}

Pedro H. A. Rezende and Edmundo R. M. Madeira. A network slicing component for multi-tenant support in LTE RANs (in Portuguese). XXXVI Simpósio Brasileiro de Redes de Computadores (SBRC), 2018.

#### Abstract

5G networks intend to integrate network slicing into their architecture aiming to satisfy the different service levels of an abundant amount of devices. Network Slicing relies on softwarization technologies, such as SDN and NFV, to instantiate slices (virtual networks) on top of the same physical substrate. This work introduces the “Otimizador de Slices”, a component developed as an extension of LTE’s evolved NodeB, responsible to perform network slicing for LTE downlink transmission. This component receives slice’s information from multiple Service Providers and, based on the analysis of these information and on the network state, the proposed component selects the best slice to be scheduled at the moment. Simulations were performed to validate our proposal and expose the benefits that can be obtained by it, such as an enhancement of end user’s QoS experience.

#### Note

Original title: Um componente de network slicing para o suporte de multi-inquilinos nas RANs do LTE

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{pedroSBRC2018,
title="{Um componente de network slicing para o suporte de multi-inquilinos nas RANs do LTE}",
author={Pedro H. A. Rezende and Edmundo R. M. Madeira},
booktitle="{XXXVI SBRC: Simp\'{o}sio Brasileiro de Redes de Computadores}",
year={2018},
eventdate={2018-05-06/2018-05-10},
venue="{Campos do Jord\~{a}o, Brazil}"
}

Melissa Wen, Thatiane de O. Rosa, Mariana C. Souza, Robson P. Aleixo, Camilla Alves, Lucas Sá, Eduardo Felipe Zambom Santana, Fabio Kon. Creation of a Model for Bus Movement Simulation Based on Real Data (in Portuguese). Primeiro Workshop Brasileiro de Cidades Inteligentes, 2018.

#### Abstract

The socio-spatial dynamics of a city undergoes constant changes over time. Consequently,the road network and the public transport system need continuous optimization to meet citizen demands. An alternative to reduce costs and impacts on evaluation of solutions is the use of simulators and models consistent with reality. Considering that, we processed vehicle tracking data and bus system planning information of São Paulo to improve the bus movement model used by InterSCSimulator, a highly scalable simulator for smart cities. In this paper, we present a mobility model based on real data from the São Paulo bus service to make the simulator more effective when recreating urban mobility scenarios.

#### Note

Original title: Criação de Modelo para Simulação de Movimentação de Ônibus a Partir de Dados Reais

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{wbciModeloOnibus,
title={Cria\c{c}\~{a}o de Modelo para Simula\c{c}\~{a}o de Movimenta\c{c}\~{a}o de \^{O}nibus a Partir de Dados Reais},
author={Melissa Wen and Thatiane de O. Rosa and Mariana C. Souza and Robson P. Aleixo and Camilla Alves and Lucas S\'{a} and Eduardo Felipe Zambom Santana and Fabio Kon},
booktitle={Primeiro Workshop Brasileiro de Cidades Inteligentes --- WBCI 2018},
year=2018,
}

Eduardo Felipe Zambom Santana, Lucas Kanashiro, Fabio Kon. Mobility Traces Generation for Vehicular Network Experiments (in Portuguese). Segundo Workshop de Computação Urbana (CoUrb 2018), 2018.

#### Abstract

Information and Communication Technologies can improve the trafﬁc in big cities. The deployment of vehicular networks, in which cars can communicate to each other and with the road infrastructure, is an area that is receiving a lot of attention in the last years. However, make tests and experiments in real environments are yet a challenge. This paper presents the development of a mobility trace to the city of São Paulo using InterSCSimulator, a large-scale, open-source Smart City simulator. The trace covers an area of 25 km2 and simulates more than 4 million travels (cars and buses) during a day in the city. The generated trace was tested as input in the NS-3 network simulator.

#### Note

Original title: Geração de Rastros de Mobilidade para Experimentos em Redes Veiculares

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{santana2018courb,
title={Gera\c{c}\~{a}o de Rastros de Mobilidade para Experimentos em Redes Veiculares},
author={Eduardo Felipe Zambom Santana and Lucas Kanashiro and Fabio Kon},
booktitle={Segundo Workshop de Computa\c{c}\~{a}o Urbana (CoUrb)},
year=2018,
}

Pedro H. A. Rezende and Edmundo R. M. Madeira. An adaptive network slicing for LTE Radio Access Networks. 10th Wireless Days Conference - WD'18, 2018.

#### Abstract

5G mobile systems are envisioned to satisfy the service requirements from a diversity of vertical industries. Network Slicing, which is a promising technology to be integrated into 5G systems, enables multiple virtual networks to be created on top of a physical substrate. These multiple virtual networks (or network slices) are tailored according to the users’ needs. The consolidation of multiple technologies, such as SDN and NFV, provides all the elasticity, programmability and modularity necessary to manage network slices. In this paper, we present a Slice Optimizer component as an extension to LTE’s evolved NodeB to realize the concept of network slicing on LTE Radio Access Networks. This proposed component communicates with an SDN Controller to receive information regarding the network slices and adapts the slices according to the network state. Simulations were performed to validate the Slice Optimizer and highlight the benefits that can be achieved with our proposal, such as the improvement of user’s QoS experience due to a more efficient use of network resources.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{rezendewd18,
author={Pedro H. A. Rezende and Edmundo R. M. Madeira},
booktitle={10th Wireless Days Conference - WD'18},
year=2018,
}

Antonio Gonzalez Pastana Lobato, Martin Andreoni Lopez, Igor Jochem Sanz, Alvaro A. Cardenas, Otto Carlos Muniz Bandeira Duarte, Guy Pujolle. An Adaptive Real-Time Architecture for Zero-Day Threat Detection. International Conference on Communications - ICC 2018, 2018.

#### Abstract

Attackers create new threats and constantly change their behavior to mislead security systems. In this paper, we propose an adaptive threat detection architecture that trains its detection models in real time. The major contributions of the proposed architecture are: i) gather data about zero-day attacks and attacker behavior using honeypots in the network; ii) process data in real time and achieve high processing throughput through detection schemes implemented with stream processing technology; iii) use of two real datasets to evaluate our detection schemes, the first from a major network operator in Brazil and the other created in our lab; iv) design and development of adaptive detection schemes including both online trained supervised classification schemes that update their parameters in real time and learn zero-day threats from the honeypots, and online trained unsupervised anomaly detection schemes that model legitimate user behavior and adapt to changes. The performance evaluation results show that proposed architecture maintains an excellent trade-off between threat detection and false positive rates and achieves high classification accuracy of more than 90%, even with legitimate behavior changes and zero-day threats.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{duarte2018icc,
title={An Adaptive Real-Time Architecture for Zero-Day Threat Detection},
author={Antonio Gonzalez Pastana Lobato and Martin Andreoni Lopez and Igor Jochem Sanz and Alvaro A. Cardenas and Otto Carlos Muniz Bandeira Duarte and Guy Pujolle},
booktitle={2018 IEEE International Conference on Communications --- ICC},
year=2018,
}

Eduardo Felipe Zambom Santana, Lucas Kanashiro, Diego Bogado Tomasiello, Fabio Kon and Mariana Gianotti. Analyzing Urban Mobility Carbon Footprint with Large-scale, Agent-based Simulation. 7th International Conference on Smart Cities and Green ICT Systems, 2018.

#### Abstract

The growth of cities around the world bring new challenges to urban management and planning. Tools, such as simulators, can help the decision-making process by enabling the understanding of the current situation of the city and comparison of multiple scenarios with regard to changes in the urban infrastructure and in public policy. This paper presents an analysis of mobility parameters, such as distance, cost, travel time, and carbon footprint, for different simulated scenarios in a large metropolis in a developing country. We simulated the scenarios using an open source, large-scale, agent-based Smart City simulator that we developed.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{santana2018smartgreens,
title={Analyzing Urban Mobility Carbon Footprint with Large-scale, Agent-based Simulation},
author={Eduardo Felipe Zambom Santana and Lucas Kanashiro and Diego Bogado Tomasiello and Fabio Kon and Mariana Gianotti},
booktitle={7th International Conference on Smart Cities and Green {ICT} Systems ({SMARTGREENS})},
year=2018,
}

Antonio D. de Carvalho Jr., Alfredo Goldman, Fabio Kon and Marcos Buckeridge. IoTrees: Sensing the city through its trees (in Portuguese). Revista Computação Brasil n. 37, 2018.

#### Abstract

A presença de árvores saudáveis no espaço urbano é algo fundamental para a qualidade de vida na cidade. Um projeto de design aberto para monitorar o ambiente por meio das árvores pode dar bons frutos? Esse é o desafio do projeto “Internet of Trees”.

#### BibTeX

@article{iotrees18,
author = {Antonio D. de Carvalho Jr. and Alfredo Goldman and Fabio Kon and Marcos Buckeridge},
title = {{IoTrees}: Sentindo a cidade atrav\'{e}s das \'{a}rvores},
journal = {{Computa\c{c}\~{a}o Brasil}},
publisher = {{Sociedade Brasileira de Computa\c{c}\~{a}o}},
year = {2018},
month = {2},
number = {37},
pages = {21 -- 25},
}

#### 2017

Hugo Resende, Alvaro Luiz Fazenda and Marcos Gonçalves Quiles. Parallel Algorithm for Dynamic Community Detection. 8th Workshop on Applications for Multi-Core Architectures, 2017.

#### Abstract

Many real systems can be naturally modeled by complex networks. A complex network represents an abstraction of the system regarding its components and their respective interactions. Thus, by scrutinizing the network, interesting properties of the system can be revealed. Among them, the presence of communities, which consists of groups of densely connected nodes, is a significant one. For instance, a community might reveal patterns, such as the functional units of the system, or even groups correlated people in social networks. Albeit important, the community detection process is not a simple computational task, in special when the network is dynamic. Thus, several researchers have addressed this problem providing distinct methods, especially to deal with static networks. Recently, a new algorithm was introduced to solve this problem. The approach consists of modeling the network as a set of particles inspired by a N-body problem. Besides delivering similar results to state-of-the-art community detection algorithm, the proposed model is dynamic in nature; thus, it can be straightforwardly applied to time-varying complex networks. However, the Particle Model still has a major drawback. Its computational cost is quadratic per cycle, which restricts its application to mid-scale networks. To overcome this limitation, here, we present a novel parallel algorithm using many-core high-performance resources. Through the implementation of a new data structure, named distance matrix, was allowed a massive parallelization of the particles interactions. Simulation results show that our parallel approach, running both traditional CPUs and hardware accelerators based on multicore CPUs and GPUs, can speed up the method permitting its application to large-scale networks.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{resende2017,
author={Hugo Resende and Alvaro Luiz Fazenda and Marcos Gon\c{c}alves Quiles},
booktitle={2017 International Symposium on Computer Architecture and High Performance Computing Workshops (SBAC-PADW)},
title={Parallel Algorithm for Dynamic Community Detection},
year=2017,
pages={55-60},
month=oct,
}

Danilo Carastan-Santos, David Martins Jr., Luiz Rozante, Siang Song and Raphael de Camargo. A hybrid CPU-GPU-MIC algorithm for hitting set problem. XVIII Simpósio em Sistemas Computacionais de Alto Desempenho - WSCAD 2017. Campinhas, 17 a 20 de outubro de 2017, pp. 196-207, 2017.

#### Abstract

We present a hybrid exact algorithm for the Hitting Set Problem (HSP) for highly heterogeneous CPU-GPU-MIC platforms. With several techniques that permit an efficient exploitation of each architecture, low communication cost and effective load balancing, we were able to solve large HSP instances in reasonable time, achieving good performance and scalability. We obtained speedups of up to 25.32 in comparison with using two six-core CPUs and exact HSP solutions for instances with tens of thousands of variables in less than 5 hours. These results reinforce the statement that heterogeneous clusters of CPUs, GPUs and MICs can be used efficiently for high-performance computing.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{carastan-santos2017a,
author = {Danilo Carastan-Santos and David Martins Jr. and Luiz Rozante and Siang Song and Raphael de Camargo},
title = {A hybrid {CPU-GPU-MIC} algorithm for hitting set problem},
booktitle = {{XVIII} Simp\'{o}sio em Sistemas Computacionais de Alto Desempenho - {WSCAD} 2017},
year = {2017},
pages = {196-207},
}

Rodrigo Izidoro Tinini, Larissa C. M. Reis, Daniel Macêdo Batista, Gustavo Bittencourt Figueiredo, Massimo Tornatore, and Biswanath Mukherjee. Optimal Placement of Virtualized BBU Processing in Hybrid Cloud-Fog RAN over TWDM-PON. Accepted for publication in IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), 2017.

#### Abstract

In the context of future Cloud Radio Access Net- works (CRAN), optical networks will play an important role to provide the required transport capacity between cell-sites and processing pools, especially for future 5G scenarios. For instance, using CPRI fronthaul technologies a single antenna element can generate data up to 24.3Gbps even with current configurations of radio transmissions, and it is expected to generate up to Tbps with the advance of technology. So, the transport segment of a 5G network needs to be accurately planned to accommodate all the generated traffic. In this work, we propose the use of a Passive Optical Network (PON) jointly with the emergent paradigms of Fog Computing and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) to energy-efficiently support the high traffic transported in emergent mobile networks in an hybrid architecture called Cloud/Fog RAN (CF-RAN) that allows local and remote baseband processing. We introduce an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) model to schedule the processing of CPRI demands among the processing nodes of the network and turn on or off processing functions on demand. Our approach is able to accommodate demands on the nodes of the network in the most energy efficient way. We compare our results with CRAN and distributed architectures (DRAN) and show that an energy efficient planning can achieve considerable gains in power consumption.

#### Note

Accepted for publication in IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM) 2017

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{tinini2017optical,
title={Optimal Placement of Virtualized {BBU} Processing in Hybrid Cloud-Fog {RAN} over {TWDM-PON}},
author={Rodrigo Izidoro Tinini and Larissa C. M. Reis and Daniel Mac\^{e}do Batista and Gustavo Bittencourt Figueiredo and Massimo Tornatore and Biswanath Mukherjee},
booktitle={Accepted for publication in IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM) 2017},
year=2017,
}

Eduardo Felipe Zambom Santana, Ana Paula Chaves, Marco Aurelio Gerosa, Fabio Kon and Dejan Milojicic. Software Platforms for Smart Cities: Concepts, Requirements, Challenges, and a Unified Reference Architecture. ACM Computing Surveys, 50 (6), January, 2017.

#### Abstract

Making cities smarter help improve city services and increase citizens’ quality of life. Information and communication technologies (ICT) are fundamental for progressing towards smarter city environments. Smart City software platforms potentially support the development and integration of Smart City applications. However, the ICT community must overcome current significant technological and scientific challenges before these platforms can be widely used. This paper surveys the state-of-the-art in software platforms for Smart Cities. We analyzed 23 projects with respect to the most used enabling technologies, as well as functional and non-functional requirements, classifying them into four categories: Cyber-Physical Systems, Internet of Things, Big Data, and Cloud Computing. Based on these results, we derived a reference architecture to guide the development of next-generation software platforms for Smart Cities. Finally, we enumerated the most frequently cited open research challenges, and discussed future opportunities. This survey gives important references for helping application developers, city managers, system operators, end-users, and Smart City researchers to make project, investment, and research decisions.

#### BibTeX

@article{santana2017software,
author = {Santana, Eduardo Felipe Zambom and Chaves, Ana Paula and Gerosa, Marco Aurelio and Kon, Fabio and Milojicic, Dejan S.},
title = {Software Platforms for Smart Cities: Concepts, Requirements, Challenges, and a Unified Reference Architecture},
journal = {ACM Computing Surveys},
issue_date = {January 2017},
volume = {50},
number = {6},
month = nov,
year = {2017},
issn = {0360-0300},
pages = {78:1--78:37},
articleno = {78},
numpages = {37},
url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/3124391}
}

F. M. Costa, K. A. Morris, F. Kon and P. J. Clarke. Model-Driven Domain-Specific Middleware. 37th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS), 2017.

#### Abstract

Middleware was introduced to facilitate the development of sophisticated applications based on a uniform methodology and industry standards. However, early research and practice suggested that no one-size-fits-all approach was suitable for all application domains and scenarios. This gave rise to industry initiatives to standardize domain-specific middleware services and profiles, as well as research efforts on configurable, reflective, and adaptive middleware. The industry’s approach led to easy deployment, although with a level of flexibility limited by the extent of existing profiles. The approach of the research community, on the other hand, enabled high flexibility, allowing any middleware configuration to be defined. Nevertheless, creating sound configurations using this approach is a challenging task, limiting the target audience to expert engineers. As a consequence, both initiatives do not scale with the current proliferation of specialized application domains. In this paper, we target this problem with an approach that leverages model-driven engineering for the construction of domain-specific middleware platforms. A set of high-level, yet expressive, building blocks is defined in the form of a metamodel, which is used to create models that specify the desired middleware configuration. We argue that this approach enables the rapid development of middleware platforms to match the proliferation of application domains, at the same time as it does not require per-application middleware construction or even highly skilled middleware engineers. We present the current state of our research and discuss research directions to fully realize the approach.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{7980137,
author={F. M. Costa and K. A. Morris and F. Kon and P. J. Clarke},
booktitle={2017 IEEE 37th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS)},
title={Model-Driven Domain-Specific Middleware},
year=2017,
pages={1961-1971},
doi={10.1109/ICDCS.2017.197},
ISSN={1063-6927},
month=jun,
}

João Eduardo Ferreira, José Antônio Visintin, Jun Okamoto Jr. and Calton Pu. Smart Services: A Case Study on Smarter Public Safety by a Mobile App for University of São Paulo. The 2017 IEEE Conference on Smart City Innovations (IEEE SCI), 2017.

#### Abstract

The University of São Paulo has faced public safety issues a long the years. Due to its size preventive surveillance by the campus security guard cannot be effective all the times. In order to bring a safer environment to its public of more than 60,000 daily users, a smart public safety system is being developed. This is a complex system, spread throughout all the University’s campuses. It is composed of a smart surveillance cameras system, a back office system with a workflow engine and a mobile application within a collaborative concept. The smart cameras system is being deployed and the mobile application together with the back office system is being used this past year with satisfactory results. The mobile application is the user entry point to report several security and campus maintenance related issues that are automatically directed to the responder team for immediate action in the case of security or enters an automated workflow engine in the case of campus maintenance. This paper presents the structure created towards achieving a smarter public safety environment, details of the implementation, presents statistical data collected by the system showing its effectiveness and concludes showing the improvements introduced in the university community safety and welfare.

#### BibTeX

@conference{sci2017,
author={Jo{\~a}o Eduardo Ferreira and Jos{\'e} Ant{\^o}nio Visintin and Jun Okamoto Jr. and Calton Pu},
title={Smart Services: A Case Study on Smarter Public Safety by a Mobile App for University of S{\~a}o Paulo},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE Conference on Smart City Innovations (IEEE SCI 2017)},
year={2017},
}

Danilo Carastan Santos, Raphael Y. de Camargo, David C. Martins-Jr, Siang W. Song and Luiz C. S. Rozante. Finding exact hitting set solutions for systems biology applications using heterogeneous GPU clusters. Future Generation Computer Systems. Elsevier. Vol. 67, pp. 418-429., 2017.

#### Abstract

The Systems Biology field presents several complex combinatorial problems that can be in part reduced to an instance of the Hitting Set Problem (HSP), which is NP-Hard. These reduced problems often come with a large amount of data that needs to be processed, such as gene expression profiles, resulting in prohibitive computational costs for finding the exact solutions. There are some proposals to obtain exact solutions for HSP, including an approach which uses GPUs. However, such an approach is not scalable for real input sizes (thousands of variables). We propose a novel algorithm for solving HSP instances with thousands of variables by using: (i) clause sorting, which enables the efficient discarding of non-solution candidates, (ii) parallel generation and evaluation of candidate solutions through the use of GPUs, and (iii) support for multiple GPUs. To permit the execution on heterogeneous clusters, we determine the minimum kernel size that does not incur extra overhead and distribute tasks among available GPUs on demand. Our experimental results show that the combination of these techniques results in a speedup of 118.5, when using eight NVIDIA Tesla K20c in comparison with a ten-core Intel Xeon E5-2690 processor. Consequently, our algorithm can enable the usage of exact algorithms for solving the Hitting Set problem and applying it to real world problems.

#### BibTeX

@article{carastan-santos2017,
author = {Danilo Carastan Santos and Raphael Y. de Camargo and David C. Martins-Jr and Siang W. Song and Luiz C. S. Rozante},
title = {Finding exact hitting set solutions for systems biology applications using heterogeneous GPU clusters},
journal = {Future Generation Computer Systems},
year = {2017},
volume = {67},
pages = {418-429}
}

Leissi Margarita Castañeda Leon and Paulo André Vechiatto De Miranda. Multi-Object Segmentation by Hierarchical Layered Oriented Image Foresting Transform. 30th SIBGRAPI Conference on Graphics, Patterns and Images (SIBGRAPI), 2017.

#### Abstract

This paper introduces a new method for multi-object segmentation in images, named as Hierarchical Layered Oriented Image Foresting Transform (HLOIFT). As input, we have an image, a tree of relations between image objects, with the individual high-level priors of each object coded in its nodes, and the objects’ seeds. Each node of the tree defines a weighted digraph, named as layer. The layers are then integrated by the geometric interactions, such as inclusion and exclusion relations, extracted from the given tree into a unique weighted digraph, named as hierarchical layered digraph. A single energy optimization is performed in the hierarchical layered weighted digraph by Oriented Image Foresting Transform (OIFT) leading to globally optimal results satisfying all the high-level priors. We evaluate our framework in the multi-object segmentation of medical and synthetic images, obtaining results comparable to the state-of-the-art methods, but with low computational complexity. Compared to multi-object segmentation by min-cut/max-flow algorithm, our approach is less restrictive, leading to globally optimal results in more general scenarios.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{8097297,
author={Leissi M. C. Leon and Paulo A. V. D. Miranda},
booktitle={30th SIBGRAPI Conference on Graphics, Patterns and Images (SIBGRAPI)},
title={Multi-Object Segmentation by Hierarchical Layered Oriented Image Foresting Transform},
year=2017,
pages={79-86},
keywords={computational complexity;directed graphs;image coding;image segmentation;object recognition;optimisation;transforms;trees (mathematics);HLOIFT;Hierarchical Layered Oriented Image Foresting Transform;computational complexity;hierarchical layered weighted digraph;multiobject segmentation;Biomedical imaging;Image segmentation;Object segmentation;Optimization;Transforms;Image Foresting Transform;Multi-object segmentation},
doi={10.1109/SIBGRAPI.2017.17},
month=oct,
}

Jucele Vasconcelos, Edson Caceres, Henrique Mongelli and Siang Wun Song. A parallel algorithm for minimum spanning tree on GPU. International Symposium on Computer Architecture and High Performance Computing Workshops (WAMCA 2017), 2017.

#### Abstract

Computing a minimum spanning tree (MST) of a graph is a fundamental problem in Graph Theory and arises as a subproblem in many applications. In this paper, we propose a parallel MST algorithm and implement it on a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit). One of the steps of previous parallel MST algorithms is a heavy use of parallel list ranking. Besides the fact that list ranking is present in several parallel libraries, it is very time-consuming. Using a different graph decomposition, called strut, we devised a new parallel MST algorithm that does not make use of the list ranking procedure. Based on the BSP/CGM model we proved that our algorithm is correct and it finds the MST after O(log p) iterations (communication and computation rounds). To show that our algorithm has a good performance onreal parallel machines, we have implemented it on GPU. The way that we have designed the parallel algorithm allowed us to exploit the computing power of the GPU. The efficiency of the algorithm was confirmed by our experimental results. The tests performed show that, for randomly constructed graphs, with vertex numbers varying from 10,000 to 30,000 and density between 0.02 and 0.2, the algorithm constructs an MST in a maximum of six iterations. When the graph is not very sparse, our implementation achieved a speedup of more than 50, for some instances as high 296, over a minimum spanning tree sequential algorithm previously proposed in the literature.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{wamca2017,
author = "Jucele Vasconcelos and Edson Caceres and Henrique Mongelli and Siang Wun Song",
title = "A parallel algorithm for minimum spanning tree on {GPU}",
booktitle = "2017 IEEE International Symposium on Computer Architecture and High Performance Computing Workshops (WAMCA 2017)",
year = "2017",
pages = "67-72",
}

Arthur de M. Del Esposte, Fabio Kon, Fabio M. Costa and Nelson Lago. InterSCity: A Scalable Microservice-based Open Source Platform for Smart Cities. 6th International Conference on Smart Cities and Green ICT Systems, 2017.

#### Abstract

Smart City technologies emerge as a potential solution to tackle common problems in large urban centers by using city resources efficiently and providing quality services for citizens. Despite the various advances in middleware technologies to support future smart cities, there are no universally accepted platforms yet. Most of the existing solutions do not provide the required flexibility to be shared across cities. Moreover, the extensive use and development of non-open-source software leads to interoperability issues and limits the collaboration among R&D groups. In this paper, we explore the use of a microservices architecture to address key practical challenges in smart city platforms. We present InterSCity, a microservice-based open source smart city platform that aims at supporting collaborative, novel smart city research, development, and deployment initiatives. We discuss how the microservice approach enables a flexible, extensible, and loosely coupled architecture and present experimental results demonstrating the scalability of the proposed platform.

#### Note

Received the Best Student Paper Award

#### BibTeX

@conference{smartgreens17,
author={Arthur M. Del Esposte and Fabio Kon and Fabio M. Costa and Nelson Lago},
title={InterSCity: A Scalable Microservice-based Open Source Platform for Smart Cities },
booktitle={Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Smart Cities and Green ICT Systems},
year={2017},
pages={35-46},
doi={10.5220/0006306200350046},
isbn={978-989-758-241-7},
}

Eduardo F. Z. Santana, Nelson Lago, Fabio Kon and Dejan S. Milojicic. InterSCSimulator: Large-Scale Traffic Simulation in Smart Cities using Erlang. 18th Workshop on Multi-agent-based Simulation, 2017.

#### Abstract

Large cities around the world face numerous challenges to guarantee the quality of life of its citizens. A promising approach to cope with these problems is the concept of Smart Cities, of which the main idea is the use of Information and Communication Technologies to improve city services. Being able to simulate the execution of Smart Cities scenarios would be extremely beneficial for the advancement of the field. Such a simulator, like many others, would need to represent a large number of various agents (e.g. cars, hospitals, and gas pipelines). One possible approach for doing this in a computer system is to use the actor model as a programming paradigm so that each agent corresponds to an actor. The Erlang programming language is based on the actor model and is the most commonly used implementation of it. In this paper, we present the first version of InterSCSimulator, an open-source, extensible, large-scale Traffic Simulator for Smart Cities developed in Erlang, capable of simulating millions of agents using a real map of a large city. Future versions will be extended to address other Smart City domains.

#### BibTeX

@conference{mabs2017,
author={Eduardo F. Z. Santana and Nelson Lago and Fabio Kon and Dejan S. Milojicic},
title={InterSCSimulator: Large-Scale Traffic Simulation in Smart Cities using Erlang},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 18th Workshop on Multi-agent-based Simulation},
year={2017},
}

#### 2016

Daniel Macêdo Batista, Alfredo Goldman, Roberto Hirata Jr., Fabio Kon, Fabio M. Costa and Markus Endler. InterSCity: Addressing Future Internet Research Challenges for Smart Cities. 7th IEEE International Conference on Network of the Future, 2016.

#### Abstract

The Future Internet will integrate large-scale systems constructed from the composition of thousands of distributed services, while interacting directly with the physical world via sensors and actuators, which compose the Internet of Things. This Future Internet will enable the realization of the Smart Cities vision, in which the urban infrastructure will be used to its fullest extent to offer a better quality of life for its citizens. Key to the efficient and effective realization of Smart Cities is the scientific and technological research covering the multiple layers that make up the Internet. This paper discusses the research challenges and initiatives related to Future Internet and Smart Cities in the scope of the InterSCity project. The challenges and initiatives are organized in three fronts: (1) Networking and High-Performance Distributed Computing; (2) Software Engineering for the Future Internet; and (3) Analysis and Mathematical Modeling for the Future Internet and Smart Cities. InterSCity aims at developing an integrated open-source platform containing all the major building blocks for the development of robust, integrated, sophisticated applications for the smart cities of the future.

#### BibTeX

@inproceedings{nof2016,
author={Daniel Mac\^{e}do Batista and Alfredo Goldman and Roberto Hirata Jr. and Fabio Kon and Fabio M. Costa and Markus Endler},
title={{InterSCity}: Addressing Future Internet Research Challenges for Smart Cities},
booktitle = {Online Proceedings},
year=2016,
publisher={IEEE},
isbn={978-1-5090-4671-3},
doi={10.1109/NOF.2016.7810114},
url={ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7810114/},
eventdate={2016-11-16/2016-11-18},
eventtitle={7th IEEE International Conference on Network of the Future},
venue={B\'{u}zios, RJ --- Brazil},
}

Fabio Kon, Nelson Lago and Roberto Speicys Cardoso. Smart Cities for better quality of life (in Portuguese). Artigo opinativo publicado no Jornal O Estado de São Paulo (edição de 14 de outubro), 2016.

#### Abstract

A preocupação atual com os recursos tecnológicos na gestão urbana é a chave para a melhoria da vida nas cidades e para a cidadania nas décadas vindouras, com foco em:

2. Oferta de software livre com foco em serviços para o cidadão e no apoio ao desenvolvimento de ferramentas adicionais por entidades não-governamentais.
3. Exigência de conformidade a padrões abertos e de documentação completa em todos os processos de compras e contratação de serviços de soluções tecnológicas com vistas a garantir a interoperabilidade.
4. Disseminação do conhecimento sobre as ferramentas desenvolvidas e iniciativas relacionadas, fomento à formação de comunidades participativas na gestão urbana baseadas no uso dessas tecnologias e criação de mecanismos de comunicação com os gestores para o acolhimento de seus frutos.
5. Incentivo à inovação dentro e fora das prefeituras, através de parcerias com instituições de pesquisa, promoção de eventos, concursos, apoio ao empreendedorismo e inclusão de PMEs nos processos de licitação.
6. Preparação da infraestrutura urbana para a implantação futura de sensores e definição de projetos-piloto, seja na cidade como um todo ou em áreas delimitadas.

#### BibTeX

@article{scmanifesto2016,
author={Fabio Kon and Nelson Lago and Roberto Speicys Cardoso},
journaltitle={Jornal O Estado de S\~{a}o Paulo},
date={2016-10-14},
pages={A15},
}

Fabio Kon and Eduardo Felipe Zambom Santana. Smart Cities: Concepts, platforms, and challenges (in Portuguese). Jornadas de Atualização em Informática (JAI), 2016.

#### Abstract

With the growth of the urban population, the infrastructural problems and limited resources of thousands of cities around the world affect negatively the lives of billions of people. Making cities smarter can help improving city services and increasing the quality of life of their citizens. Information and communication technologies (ICT) are a fundamental means to move towards smarter city environments. Using a software platform on top of which Smart City applications can be deployed facilitates the development and integration of such applications. However, there are, currently, significant technological and scientific challenges that must be faced by the ICT community before these platforms can be widely used. This chapter presents the state-of-the-art and the state-of-the-practice in Smart Cities environments. We analyze eleven smart city platforms and eleven smart city initiatives with respect to the most used enabling technologies as well as functional and non-functional requirements. Finally, we enumerate open research challenges and comment on our vision for the area in the future.

#### Note

Original title: Cidades Inteligentes: Conceitos, plataformas e desafios

#### BibTeX

@inbook{jai2016,
author={Fabio Kon and Eduardo Felipe Zambom Santana},
title={Cidades Inteligentes: Conceitos, plataformas e desafios},
booktitle = {Jornadas de Atualiza\c{c}\~{a}o em Inform\'{a}tica 2016 --- JAI},
editor = {Jos\'{e} Carlos Maldonado and Jos\'{e} Viterbo and Marcio Eduardo Delamaro and Sabrina Marczak},
year=2016,
publisher = {SBC},
isbn = {978-85-7669-326-0},
eventdate = {2016-07-04/2016-07-07},
eventtitle = {XXXVI Congresso da Sociedade Brasileira de Computa\c{c}\~{a}o},
venue = {Porto Alegre, RS --- Brazil},
}